‘The city’ as perverse metaphor
‘The city’ as perverse metaphor
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“城市”作为反常的隐喻
作者：
P. Marcuse
“伦敦的成功”在口语中，其含义是毫无疑问的：位于被定义为伦敦的地理区域内的金融服务业的实力为该城市的某些人或公司带来了一系列理想的结果--尽管这种提法可能是专门针对伦敦政府的，也可能只是针对该政府的财政健康。但是，如果不把全部意义拼出来，就可能出现省略--在隐喻用法中，“伦敦”变成了整个伦敦，部分就隐含地等同于整体。这句话的有限的口语意义被改变了，“伦敦的成功”变成了伦敦所有人的成功，所有的企业，建筑环境，一个完整的实体，就是“伦敦”。“伦敦”等同于伦敦的一部分，它通过金融服务和管理金融服务的人，在上层与全球经济联系在一起。“伦敦”成为“地球上最国际化的地方”，这是通过检查清单上的五个项目来衡量的：
“London’s success”? In colloquial usage, there is not doubt of the meaning: the strength of the financial services industry located in the geographical area defined as London contributes to a set of desirable outcomes for certain persons or firms in that city—although possibly the reference may be specifically to the government of London, and possibly only to that government’s fiscal health. But not spelling out the full meaning permits an ellipsis to occur—in the metaphorical use ‘London’ becomes the whole of London, the part is implicitly equated with the whole. The limited colloquial meaning of the sentence is transformed, and ‘London’s success’ becomes a success for all the people of London, all of the businesses, the built environment, a whole entity that is ‘London’. ‘London’ becomes identical with that part of London that is connected to the global economy at its upper levels, through its financial services and the people that manage them. ‘London’ becomes “the most international place on earth”, and that is measured by five items on a check list:3