Stimulant drugs trigger transient volumetric changes in the human ventral striatum
Stimulant drugs trigger transient volumetric changes in the human ventral striatum
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DOI：
10.1007/s00429-012-0481-7
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Vilarroya, Oscar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hoekzema, Elseline;Carmona, Susana;Vilarroya, Oscar
腹侧纹状体（VStr）整合中脑边缘多巴胺能和皮质边缘谷氨酸传入神经，并形成调节冲动行为的神经回路的重要组成部分。这种结构代表了精神兴奋药物的主要目标，是治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的首选药物，并且在动物体内被这些药物进行了生化修饰。然而，兴奋剂对人类 VStr 的影响仍有待确定。我们获得了 23 名从未接受过药物治疗的成年 ADHD 患者、31 名有兴奋剂治疗史的成年患者和 32 名对照受试者的解剖脑 MRI 扫描，并使用高分辨率神经解剖扫描上的个体评估者盲区勾画来确定 VStr 体积。此外，我们还在未接受药物治疗的成年患者以及 20 名从未接受过药物治疗的 ADHD 儿童的子样本中提取了哌醋甲酯治疗前后的 VStr 体积。我们观察到，与从未接受过药物治疗的患者相比，有兴奋剂治疗史的成年患者的 VStr 体积较小。此外，我们的纵向分析发现，暴露于哌甲酯后，成年患者双侧 VStr 的灰质体积减少，随后体积恢复至对照水平。在儿童中，哌醋甲酯治疗后观察到相同的 VStr 体积变化模式。这些发现表明，先前在 ADHD 患者中观察到的 VStr 体积改变可能代表兴奋剂暴露的短暂效应，而不是该疾病的内在特征。更一般地说，这些数据表明兴奋剂药物可以使人类 VStr 神经解剖结构发生塑性体积变化。
The ventral striatum (VStr) integrates mesolimbic dopaminergic and corticolimbic glutamatergic afferents and forms an essential component of the neural circuitry regulating impulsive behaviour. This structure represents a primary target of psychostimulant medication, the first-choice treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and is biochemically modified by these drugs in animals. However, the effects of stimulants on the human VStr remain to be determined. We acquired anatomical brain MRI scans from 23 never-medicated adult patients with ADHD, 31 adult patients with a history of stimulant treatment and 32 control subjects, and VStr volumes were determined using individual rater-blinded region of interest delineation on high-resolution neuroanatomical scans. Furthermore, we also extracted VStr volumes before and after methylphenidate treatment in a subsample of the medication-na < ve adult patients as well as in 20 never-medicated children with ADHD. We observed smaller VStr volumes in adult patients with a history of stimulant treatment in comparison to never-medicated patients. Moreover, our longitudinal analyses uncovered a reduction of grey matter volume in the bilateral VStr in adult patients after exposure to methylphenidate, which was followed by volumetric recovery to control level. In children, the same pattern of VStr volume changes was observed after treatment with methylphenidate. These findings suggest that the altered VStr volumes previously observed in patients with ADHD may represent a transitory effect of stimulant exposure rather than an intrinsic feature of the disorder. More generally, these data show that stimulant drugs can render plastic volume changes in human VStr neuroanatomy.