Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetries in Personality Pathology
Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetries in Personality Pathology
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00794.x
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Oltmanns, Thomas F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carlson, Erika N.;Vazire, Simine;Oltmanns, Thomas F.
目的人格自述是人格障碍的有效信息来源。然而，举报人报告提供了单独的自我报告所不能提供的关于pd的信息。本文将探讨一种视角在识别pd方面是否以及何时比另一种视角更有效。方法：采用55 - 65岁的代表性样本（N=991, 45%为男性），我们比较了自我和信息提供者（如配偶、家人或朋友）对预测PD评分的五因素模型特征报告的有效性（即访谈者、自我和信息提供者对PD的综合报告）。结果对于大多数内化性人格障碍（即高神经质定义的人格障碍），自我报告（特别是神经质）比举报人报告更有效。对于外化和/或对抗性人格（即低亲和性和尽责性定义的人格），被告知者的报告（尤其是亲和性和尽责性）比自我报告更有效。两份报告对思维障碍型人格障碍（即，由低外向性定义的人格障碍）的有效性都不一致。然而，对于内化和外化型人格障碍（即高神经质和低随和型人格障碍）的人格障碍，被调查者的报告（尤其是随和型人格障碍）比自我报告更有效。结论pd患者的内省表现和人际表现存在差异，这些差异影响着患者对病理的了解程度。
Objective Self-reports of personality provide valid information about personality disorders (PDs). However, informant reports provide information about PDs that self-reports alone do not provide. The current article examines whether and when one perspective is more valid than the other in identifying PDs. Method Using a representative sample of adults 55 to 65 years of age (N=991; 45% males), we compared the validity of self- and informant (e.g., spouse, family, or friend) reports of the Five-Factor Model traits in predicting PD scores (i.e., composite of interviewer, self-, and informant reports of PDs). Results Self-reports (particularly of Neuroticism) were more valid than informant reports for most internalizing PDs (i.e., PDs defined by high Neuroticism). Informant reports (particularly of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness) were more valid than self-reports for externalizing and/or antagonistic PDs (i.e., PDs defined by low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). Neither report was consistently more valid for thought disorder PDs (i.e., PDs defined by low Extraversion). However, informant reports (particularly of Agreeableness) were more valid than self-reports for PDs that were both internalizing and externalizing (i.e., PDs defined by high Neuroticism and low Agreeableness). Conclusions The intrapersonal and interpersonal manifestations of PDs differ, and these differences influence who knows more about pathology.