The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Industrialized Countries
The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Industrialized Countries
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115329
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Petrongolo, Barbara
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文献类型：
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作者：
Olivetti, Claudia;Petrongolo, Barbara
在过去的世纪里，发达经济体的女性在劳动力市场上取得了重大进步，但薪酬和就业方面的性别差异似乎一直存在。本文记录了发达经济体中女性就业、工作时间和相对工资的长期趋势。报告审查了关于推动性别趋同因素的现有工作，以及关于尚存性别差距的新观点。最后，文章强调了性别趋势与产业结构演变之间的相互作用。根据轮班份额分解，它表明，服务份额的增长可以解释至少一半的女性工作时间的总体变化，无论是随着时间的推移和国家之间。
Women in developed economies have made major advancements in labor markets throughout the past century, but remaining gender differences in pay and employment seem remarkably persistent. This article documents long-run trends in female employment, working hours, and relative wages for a wide cross section of developed economies. It reviews existing work on the factors driving gender convergence, and novel perspectives on remaining gender gaps. Finally, the article emphasizes the interplay between gender trends and the evolution of the industry structure. Based on a shift-share decomposition, it shows that the growth in the service share can explain at least half of the overall variation in female hours, both over time and across countries.