Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and non-supplement users in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and non-supplement users in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/132.11.3422
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kennedy-Stephenson, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ervin, RB;Kennedy-Stephenson, J
钙、铁和锌对身体的许多功能都很重要。我们报告了美国老年补充剂和非补充剂使用者的膳食和综合（膳食+补充剂）摄入量以及摄入不足的患病率。我们从1988-94年第三次全国健康和营养检查调查中计算了60岁及以上成年人的日常饮食摄入量;补充剂和含钙抗酸剂的矿物质摄入量被添加到日常饮食摄入量中。我们使用膳食参考摄入量、推荐膳食摄入量和估计老年人平均需求量评估了铁和锌的摄入量，并使用充足摄入量和2010年健康人群目标评估了钙的摄入量。膳食摄入不足发生率最高的是钙（男性，70-75%;女性，87%）和锌（男性，35-41%;女性，36-45%）。膳食补充剂改善了钙的摄入量，但近三分之二的老年人的综合摄入量低于钙的目标。非西班牙裔黑人的摄入量通常低于非西班牙裔白人，摄入量低于标准的患病率较高。对于所有女性和非西班牙裔白色女性来说，补充剂使用者的所有三种矿物质的平均膳食摄入量均显着高于非补充剂使用者（每种矿物质P < 0.05）。许多老年人膳食锌摄入量不足，钙摄入量低于2010年健康人群目标;膳食补充剂改善了摄入量。即使有补充剂，大多数老年人的钙摄入量仍然低于目标，部分原因是他们服用的补充剂通常含有低剂量的钙。总的女性和非西班牙裔白色女性补充剂用户是唯一的群体，有较高的膳食摄入量比非补充剂用户的所有三种矿物质。
Calcium, iron and zinc are important in many of the body's functions. We report dietary and combined (diet + supplements) intakes for these minerals for elderly supplement and non-supplement users in the United States and the prevalence of inadequate intakes. We calculated usual dietary intakes for adults 60 y and older from third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94; mineral intakes from supplements and calcium-containing antacids were added to usual dietary intakes. We evaluated iron and zinc intakes using the dietary reference intakes, recommended dietary allowances and estimated average requirements for elderly adults, as well as calcium intakes using the Adequate Intake and the Healthy People 2010 objective. The highest prevalences of inadequate dietary intakes was for calcium (males, 70-75%; females, 87%) and zinc (males, 35-41%; females, 36-45%). Dietary supplements improved intakes, but nearly two-thirds of elderly adults had combined intakes below the calcium objective. Non-Hispanic blacks usually had lower intakes than non-Hispanic whites and higher prevalences of intakes below the standards. Supplement users had significantly higher mean dietary intakes than non-supplement users for all three minerals for total females and non-Hispanic white females (P < 0.05 for each mineral). Many elderly adults had inadequate dietary zinc intakes, and calcium intakes fell below the Healthy People 2010 objective; dietary supplements improved intakes. Even with supplements most older adults still had intakes below the calcium objective, partly because the supplements they took usually contained low doses of calcium. Total female and non-Hispanic white female supplement users were the only groups that had higher dietary intakes than non-supplement users for all three minerals.