The Role of Astrocytes in the Generation, Migration, and Integration of New Neurons in the Adult Olfactory Bulb.
The Role of Astrocytes in the Generation, Migration, and Integration of New Neurons in the Adult Olfactory Bulb.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2016.00149
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Saghatelyan A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gengatharan A;Bammann RR;Saghatelyan A
在哺乳动物中，成年嗅球中的新神经元起源于侧脑室室下区的神经干细胞池。成年细胞通过调整神经元网络以适应不断变化的环境条件，在气味信息处理中发挥重要作用。嗅球神经发生由几种非神经元细胞支持。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注星形胶质细胞在成人前脑新神经元的生成、迁移、整合和存活中的作用。在室下区，具有星形胶质细胞特性的神经干细胞在产生不同的神经元亚型时表现出区域和时间特异性。非神经源性星形胶质细胞有助于神经源性生态位的建立和维持。神经母细胞链通过星形胶质细胞过程包裹的喙部迁移流迁移。星形胶质细胞在神经母细胞迁移中发挥重要的调节作用，还有助于迁移流中脉管系统支架的发育，这对于出生后大脑中神经母细胞的迁移至关重要。在嗅球中，星形胶质细胞通过复杂的细胞因子释放来帮助调节网络，调节血流并提供代谢支持，这可能会促进新神经元的整合和存活。因此，星形胶质细胞在成人嗅球神经发生的各种过程中发挥着关键作用，并且这些神经胶质细胞的许多其他功能很可能在不久的将来出现。
In mammals, new neurons in the adult olfactory bulb originate from a pool of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Adult-born cells play an important role in odor information processing by adjusting the neuronal network to changing environmental conditions. Olfactory bulb neurogenesis is supported by several non-neuronal cells. In this review, we focus on the role of astroglial cells in the generation, migration, integration, and survival of new neurons in the adult forebrain. In the subventricular zone, neural stem cells with astrocytic properties display regional and temporal specificity when generating different neuronal subtypes. Non-neurogenic astrocytes contribute to the establishment and maintenance of the neurogenic niche. Neuroblast chains migrate through the rostral migratory stream ensheathed by astrocytic processes. Astrocytes play an important regulatory role in neuroblast migration and also assist in the development of a vasculature scaffold in the migratory stream that is essential for neuroblast migration in the postnatal brain. In the olfactory bulb, astrocytes help to modulate the network through a complex release of cytokines, regulate blood flow, and provide metabolic support, which may promote the integration and survival of new neurons. Astrocytes thus play a pivotal role in various processes of adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis, and it is likely that many other functions of these glial cells will emerge in the near future.