Road users rarely use explicit communication when interacting in today's traffic: implications for automated vehicles
Road users rarely use explicit communication when interacting in today's traffic: implications for automated vehicles
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DOI：
10.1007/s10111-020-00635-y
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发表时间：
2020-06-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Merat, Natasha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Yee Mun;Madigan, Ruth;Merat, Natasha
为了取得成功，自动驾驶汽车（AV）需要能够以道路使用者接受的方式在混合交通中行驶，并最大限度地提高交通安全和效率。这一成功的一个可能的先决条件是自动驾驶汽车能够在复杂的交通环境中与其他道路使用者有效地沟通。目前的研究，作为欧洲项目interACT的一部分，调查了司机和行人在三个欧洲国家的六个观察地点过马路时使用的沟通策略。总共有701个道路使用者的互动进行了观察和注释，使用的观察协议，为此目的而开发的。观察协议确定了20个事件类别，从接近的车辆/司机和行人观察。其中包括有关运动，观看行为，手势和使用的信号的信息，以及一些人口统计数据。这些观察结果表明，明确的沟通技巧，如按喇叭，司机闪烁的前灯，或司机和行人的手势，很少发生。各研究中心的观察结果一致。此外，一个后续的调查问卷，管理到一个子集的观察行人过马路后，发现当考虑过马路，行人更有可能使用基于车辆的行为，而不是来自司机的通信线索。总的来说，研究结果表明，基于车辆的运动信息，如让步线索更有可能被行人使用，而过马路，相比来自司机的明确的沟通线索，虽然观察到一些文化差异。这些研究结果的影响进行了讨论，相对于设计合适的外部接口和沟通的意图，未来的自动驾驶汽车。
To be successful, automated vehicles (AVs) need to be able to manoeuvre in mixed traffic in a way that will be accepted by road users, and maximises traffic safety and efficiency. A likely prerequisite for this success is for AVs to be able to communicate effectively with other road users in a complex traffic environment. The current study, conducted as part of the European project interACT, investigates the communication strategies used by drivers and pedestrians while crossing the road at six observed locations, across three European countries. In total, 701 road user interactions were observed and annotated, using an observation protocol developed for this purpose. The observation protocols identified 20 event categories, observed from the approaching vehicles/drivers and pedestrians. These included information about movement, looking behaviour, hand gestures, and signals used, as well as some demographic data. These observations illustrated that explicit communication techniques, such as honking, flashing headlights by drivers, or hand gestures by drivers and pedestrians, rarely occurred. This observation was consistent across sites. In addition, a follow-on questionnaire, administered to a sub-set of the observed pedestrians after crossing the road, found that when contemplating a crossing, pedestrians were more likely to use vehicle-based behaviour, rather than communication cues from the driver. Overall, the findings suggest that vehicle-based movement information such as yielding cues are more likely to be used by pedestrians while crossing the road, compared to explicit communication cues from drivers, although some cultural differences were observed. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to design of suitable external interfaces and communication of intent by future automated vehicles.