Neutron-based characterization: A rising star in illuminating rechargeable lithium metal batteries
Neutron-based characterization: A rising star in illuminating rechargeable lithium metal batteries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109337
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发表时间：
2024-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.6
通讯作者：
Shuo Wang;Haiting Shi;Daoxi Wang;Yuanhua Xia;Yue Yin;Shuaitong Liang;Yanli Hu;R. Shao;Xiaoqing Wu;Zhiwei Xu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shuo Wang;Haiting Shi;Daoxi Wang;Yuanhua Xia;Yue Yin;Shuaitong Liang;Yanli Hu;R. Shao;Xiaoqing Wu;Zhiwei Xu
锂金属被认为是锂电池众所周知的“圣杯”。高能阴极（例如硫或氧阴极）的集成使得高能量存储器件的制造成为可能。然而，基于锂金属的储能系统面临着许多复杂的挑战，包括基质和界面问题。最先进的表征技术是解决当今挑战的先决条件。与电子、质子或X射线相比，中子由于其电中性而表现出高穿透力的独特优势。这一特性对于体积或质量逐渐增大的高储能器件的操作表征具有不可替代的优势。更重要的是，与X射线相比，中子与物质相互作用的核散射特性使其对锂元素更加敏感。因此，基于中子的表征可能是解决当前与锂金属电池相关问题的有力工具。本文对中子技术（包括中子衍射、准弹性中子散射、小角中子散射、中子反射、中子成像和中子深度剖析）进行了分类，并分别总结了它们在锂金属电池阳极、阴极、电解质和电化学界面中的应用。展望了中子技术在锂金属电池组件中的潜在应用。本文阐述的观点可以作为解决当前与锂金属电池相关的挑战的方法手册，并为将其应用于其他高能量存储设备提供灵感。
Lithium metals are considered to be the proverbial "holy grail" for lithium batteries. The integration of high-energy cathodes, such as sulfur or oxygen cathodes, enables the fabrication of high-energy storage devices. Nevertheless, energy storage systems based on lithium metals face a number of complex challenges, including matrix and interface concerns. State-of-the-art characterization techniques are prerequisites for solving present-day challenges. In contrast to electrons, protons or X-rays, neutrons exhibit a unique advantage of high penetration due to their electrical neutrality. This characteristic will have irreplaceable advantages in the operando characterization of high-energy storage devices that undergo gradual increases in volume or mass. More importantly, the nuclear scattering characteristics of neutrons interacting with matter make them more sensitive to lithium elements compared to X-rays. Therefore, neutron-based characterization may be a powerful tool in resolving current problems associated with lithium metal batteries. In this review, neutron techniques (including neutron diffraction, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, small angle neutron scattering, neutron reflectometry, neutron imaging and neutron depth profiling) are categorized and their applications in anodes, cathodes, electrolytes and electrochemical interfaces of lithium metal batteries are summarized, respectively. The potential application of neutron techniques in lithium metal battery components is prospected. The perspectives elucidated in this article may serve as a methodical manual for resolving the present challenges associated with lithium metal-based batteries and as inspiration for applying them to other high energy storage devices.