Archaeology and Development
Archaeology and Development
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考古与发展
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Danny Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Danny Miller
当考古学采用源于实证主义的认识论时（Watson、Le Blanc 和 Redman 1971，Binford 1972，Schiffer 1976），关于该学科本质的想法往往脱离了对其实践的社会背景以及其结果如何对其实践者和普通大众有意义的讨论，这并不奇怪。考古学是由其方法论和学术目标来定义的，这些目标往往不被视为依赖于社会结构或学术话语的性质。实证主义的批评者（例如，Habermas 1972）认为，除非与这些问题相关，否则无法定义学科。我在这里关注的是社会作为考古学发生的背景以及考古学从中获得意义的背景。社会背景包括就业结构、教育、大众传媒、人们对过去的观念以及对过去在现在的运用。由此可见，当考古学应用于与其最初发展的社会非常不同的社会时，它可能无法仅仅按照其旧形象复制自己，并期望定义它的所有熟悉的关系组都遵循。它可能会成为一个不同的主题，并且讨论、利用和判断它的方式可能有必要发生变化。考古学是发达国家的产物，起源于工业化前欧洲精英阶层的好奇心；
AT A TIME WHEN ARCHAEOLOGY employs an epistemology derived from positivism (Watson, Le Blanc, and Redman 1971, Binford 1972, Schiffer 1976), it is not surprising that ideas about the nature of the subject have tended to be divorced from discussion of the social context within which it is practised and of how its results have meaning for its practitioners and for the general population. Archaeology is defined by its methodology and academic goals, which tend not to be seen as dependent upon the structure of society or the nature of academic discourse. Critics of positivism (e.g., Habermas 1972) suggest that an academic discipline cannot be defined except in relation to these issues. My concern here is with society as the context within which archaeology takes place and from which archaeology derives meaning. The social context includes the structure of employment, education, the mass media, and people's conceptions of the past and of the uses of the past in the present. It follows from this that where archaeology is employed in societies very different from those in which it originally developed, it may not be able merely to reproduce itself in its old image and expect all the familiar sets of relationships that define it to follow. It may become a different subject, and changes may become necessary in the ways in which it is discussed, utilised, and judged. Archaeology is the child of the developed countries, originating in the curiosity of the elite classes of preindustrial Europe;