Childhood lead poisoning from the smelter in Torreon, Mexico
Childhood lead poisoning from the smelter in Torreon, Mexico
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.020
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Flegal, Arthur R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soto-Jimenez, Martin F.;Flegal, Arthur R.
将生活在墨西哥托雷翁一家银锌铅冶炼厂113平方公里范围内的34名儿童（年龄2-17岁）的血液样本中的铅浓度和同位素组成与相关环境样本（土壤、气溶胶、室外和室内灰尘）进行比较，以确定该地区环境和人类铅污染的主要来源。土壤和室外灰尘的铅浓度分别为130- 12，050和150- 14，365 μ g g（-1）。冶炼厂附近的浓度最高，最高水平与盛行风向相对应，其数量级高于背景浓度7.3-33.3微克/克（-1）。该市大气铅沉积量在130至1350 μ g m（-2）d（-1）之间，最高速率在距离冶炼厂不到1公里处。这些儿童的血铅浓度（11.0 +/- 5.3 μ g dl（-1））范围为5.0-25.8 μ g dl（-1），比美国儿童（1-5岁）目前的平均水平（1.9 μ g dl（-1））高3-14倍。城市灰尘和土壤铅同位素比值（206 Pb/207 Pb，Pb-208/Pb-207）（1.200 +/- 0.009，2.467 +/- 0.003），气溶胶（1.200 +/- 0.002，2.466 +/- 0.002）和PbB（1.199 +/- 0.001，2.468 +/- 0.002）彼此之间以及冶炼厂加工的铅矿之间无法区分（1.199 +/- 0.007，2.473 +/- 0.007）。因此，托雷翁儿童及其环境中的PbB浓度升高，尽管对设施的大气排放采取了新的控制措施，但仍主要来自该市冶炼厂的工业排放。(c)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions in blood samples of 34 children (ages 2-17 years) living within a 113 km(2) area of a silver-zinc-lead smelter plant in Torreon, Mexico were compared to those of associated environmental samples (soil, aerosols, and outdoor and indoor dust) to identify the principal source(s) of environmental and human lead contamination in the area. Lead concentrations of soil and outdoor dust ranged 130-12,050 and 150-14,365 mu g g(-1), respectively. Concentrations were greatest near the smelter, with the highest levels corresponding with the prevailing wind direction, and orders of magnitude above background concentrations of 7.3-33.3 mu g g(-1). Atmospheric lead depositions in the city varied between 130 and 1350 mu g m(-2) d(-1), with highest rates < 1 km from the smelter. Blood lead (PbB) concentrations (11.0 +/- 5.3 mu g dl(-1)) levels in the children ranged 5.0-25.8 mu g dl(-1), which is 3-14 times higher than the current average (1.9 mu g dl(-1)) of children (ages 1-5 years) in the US. Lead isotopic ratios ((206)pb/(207)pb, Pb-208/Pb-207) of the urban dust and soil (1.200 +/- 0.009, 2.467 +/- 0.003), aerosols (1.200 +/- 0.002, 2.466 +/- 0.002), and PbB (1.199 +/- 0.001, 2.468 +/- 0.002) were indistinguishable from each other, as well as those of the lead ores processed at the smelter (1.199 +/- 0.007, 2.473 +/- 0.007). Consequently, an elevated PbB concentrations of the children in Torreon, as well as in their environment, are still dominated by industrial emissions from the smelter located within the city, in spite of new controls on atmospheric releases from the facility. (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.