Linguistic and Cultural Challenges in Communication and Translation in US-Sponsored HIV Prevention Research in Emerging Economies.
Linguistic and Cultural Challenges in Communication and Translation in US-Sponsored HIV Prevention Research in Emerging Economies.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0133394
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Klitzman R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanrahan D;Sexton P;Hui K;Teitcher J;Sugarman J;London AJ;Barnes M;Purpura J;Klitzman R
在知情同意过程中，语言和文化差异可能会阻碍潜在研究参与者的理解，但研究人员和IRB在实践中如何应对这些挑战尚不清楚。我们对来自8个不同新兴经济体国家的15名研究人员、研究伦理委员会（REC）主席和成员进行了深入访谈，这些研究人员参与了由艾滋病毒预防试验网络（HPTN）赞助的艾滋病毒相关研究，了解他们在这方面面临的伦理和监管挑战。在访谈中，翻译学习材料的问题经常成为主要关注的问题。在知情同意文件和其他研究材料的语言和文化翻译方面，确定了四组挑战，涉及：（1）背景，（2）过程，（3）内容和（4）这些文件的翻译。东道国的背景问题包括识字率低、教育（例如，文件可能需要写在5年级以下的阅读水平），和研究的经验，以及书面文件的不同观点。某些术语和概念可能在其他语言中不存在，或者具有回译并不总是揭示的额外含义。挑战的出现不仅是因为逐字直译的内容，而且是因为语言的语言形式，如语气（例如，适当的礼貌形式与法律用语，被视为苛刻），句法，提出问题的方式，以及同意的概念）;以及使用的上下文影响意义。双边沟通中也出现了问题-美国IRB可能误解当地做法，或向外国区域经济共同体传达其决定的理由不足。总之，这些数据突出了在过去关于知情同意书和研究材料翻译的文献中很少受到关注的几个挑战，并对改善实践，教育，研究和政策具有重要意义，提出了几种策略，包括需要更广泛的开源多语言词汇，以及对所涉复杂性的更多认识。
Linguistic and cultural differences can impede comprehension among potential research participants during the informed consent process, but how researchers and IRBs respond to these challenges in practice is unclear. We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 researchers, research ethics committee (REC) chairs and members from 8 different countries with emerging economies, involved in HIV-related research sponsored by HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN), regarding the ethical and regulatory challenges they face in this regard. In the interviews, problems with translating study materials often arose as major concerns. Four sets of challenges were identified concerning linguistic and cultural translations of informed consent documents and other study materials, related to the: (1) context, (2) process, (3) content and (4) translation of these documents. Host country contextual issues included low literacy rates, education (e.g., documents may need to be written below 5th grade reading level), and experiences with research, and different views of written documentation. Certain terms and concepts may not exist in other languages, or have additional connotations that back translations do not always reveal. Challenges arise because of not only the content of word-for-word, literal translation, but the linguistic form of the language, such as tone (e.g., appropriate forms of politeness vs. legalese, seen as harsh), syntax, manner of questions posed, and the concept of the consent); and the contexts of use affect meaning. Problems also emerged in bilateral communications – US IRBs may misunderstand local practices, or communicate insufficiently the reasons for their decisions to foreign RECs. In sum, these data highlight several challenges that have received little, if any, attention in past literature on translation of informed consent and study materials, and have crucial implications for improving practice, education, research and policy, suggesting several strategies, including needs for broader open-source multilingual lexicons, and more awareness of the complexities involved.