Brain indices of nicotine's effects on attentional bias to smoking and emotional pictures and to task-relevant targets
Brain indices of nicotine's effects on attentional bias to smoking and emotional pictures and to task-relevant targets
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DOI：
10.1080/14622200701188810
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Froeliger, Brett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert, David G.;Sugai, Chihiro;Froeliger, Brett
厌恶和吸烟相关的刺激与吸烟冲动和复发有关，可以成为选择性注意力的有效干扰。有人认为，尼古丁替代疗法的有益效果可能部分是由于尼古丁能够减少这种刺激引起的注意力分散，从而促进对任务相关刺激的注意。目前的研究验证了这样一个假设，即尼古丁通过对任务相关目标手指的顶叶P3b脑反应来减少厌恶和吸烟相关刺激引起的注意力分散。在快速视觉信息处理任务中，我们采用双盲、平衡、受试者内设计的方法，对16名吸烟者在目标数字前的消极、积极、中性和吸烟相关图片进行评估，评估尼古丁对注意力分散的影响。这项研究包括两个实验阶段。在剥夺吸烟一晚（12小时以上）后，参与者在一个疗程中使用活性尼古丁贴片，在另一个疗程中使用安慰剂贴片。尼古丁增强了与目标手指相关的P3b反应，这些反应紧随在双侧消极情绪图片之后，紧随在与吸烟相关的图片之后，仅在右半球。尼古丁对P3bs的影响未见阳性和中性的干扰物图像。尼古丁也增加了另一项注意力测量，即对目标手指的预期的偶然负变化幅度，特别是在左半球和后脑部位。综上所述，这些发现表明尼古丁减少了消极情绪和吸烟相关刺激引起的注意力分散，并通过调节偏侧和特定任务的神经网络来促进对任务相关刺激的注意力。
Aversive and smoking-related stimuli are related to smoking urges and relapse and can be potent distractors of selective attention. It has been suggested that the beneficial effect of nicotine replacement therapy may be mediated partly by the ability of nicotine to reduce distraction by such stimuli and thereby to facilitate attention to task-relevant stimuli. The present study tested the hypothesis that nicotine reduces distraction by aversive and smoking-related stimuli as indexed by the parietal P3b brain response to a task-relevant target digit. We assessed the effect of nicotine on distraction by emotionally negative, positive, neutral, and smoking-related pictures immediately preceding target digits during a rapid visual information processing task in 16 smokers in a double-blind, counterbalanced, within-subjects design. The study included two experimental sessions. After overnight smoking deprivation ( 12+ hr), active nicotine patches were applied to participants during one of the sessions and placebo patches were applied during the other session. Nicotine enhanced P3b responses associated with target digits immediately subsequent to negative emotional pictures bilaterally and subsequent to smoking-related pictures only in the right hemisphere. No effects of nicotine were observed for P3bs subsequent to positive and neutral distractor pictures. Another measure of attention, contingent negative variation amplitude in anticipation of the target digits also was increased by nicotine, especially in the left hemisphere and at posterior sites. Together, these findings suggest that nicotine reduces the distraction by emotionally negative and smoking-related stimuli and promotes attention to task-related stimuli by modulating somewhat lateralized and task-specific neural networks.