Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants as Influenced by Nutrient Application Rates with Quantitative Control in Closed Rockwool Cultivation
Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants as Influenced by Nutrient Application Rates with Quantitative Control in Closed Rockwool Cultivation
复制标题
封闭式岩棉栽培定量控制养分施用量对番茄植株生长和产量的影响
DOI：
10.2503/jjshs1.79.47
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Takaichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Nakano;H. Sasaki;A. Nakano;Katsumi Suzuki;M. Takaichi
在岩棉栽培中，比较了封闭系统和开放式营养系统中基于电导率(EC)的定量控制对番茄生长和产量的影响。根据三个施肥量标准(1.0×、1.25×和1.5×标准)，定量对照每天供应一次所有养分。这些标准以前是在深流技术(DFT)中开发的，用于估计番茄植株的营养需求，该技术使用番茄植株吸收的三天平均水分。我们比较了封闭系统中的定量控制和开放系统中的两个EC处理，在开放系统中，我们提供高EC和低EC范围的营养液。1.0倍的数量标准将养分供应减少到低EC处理的30%-37%。1.0×基质溶液中N、P、K浓度在移栽后2个月内维持在较低的水平并保持稳定。与低电导率处理相比，1.0×处理的叶片总干重降低27%，果实总产量提高23%。但上部叶片的生长和含氮量显著下降，果实中的可溶性固形物含量略有下降，这表明1.0×标准可能在生育后期提供的养分不足。在1.25×和1.5×处理中，过多的养分供应大大低于低EC处理，增加了生长后期养分的积累，从而增加了基质盐分。随着时间的推移，1.0×底物溶液中稳定的EC和养分浓度表明，3天的调整间隔将足够短。所建立的DFT系统的数量标准一般可用于长期岩棉栽培，但适宜的养分供应范围为生长后期DFT标准的1.0×~1.25倍。
We compared the effects of quantitative control in closed system versus electrical conductivity (EC)-based control in open system of nutrients on the growth and yield of tomatoes in rockwool cultivation. Quantitative control supplied all nutrients once a day based on criteria for three application rates (1.0 ×, 1.25 ×, and 1.5 × the standard). These criteria were previously developed in the deep flow technique (DFT) to estimate their nutrient requirements, which used the three-day average amount of water absorbed by tomato plants. We compared the quantitative control in a closed system with two EC treatments in an open system, in which we supplied nutrient solution at high and low EC ranges. The 1.0 × quantity standard reduced the nutrient supply to 30–37% of the levels used in the low-EC treatment. N, P, and K concentrations in the 1.0 × substrate solution remained low and stable for two months after transplanting. The 1.0 × treatment had 27% lower total leaf dry weight and 23% higher total fruit yield than the low-EC treatment. However, greatly reduced growth and nitrogen content of upper leaf and slightly lower soluble solids content in the fruits suggest that the 1.0 × standard might provide insufficient nutrients during late growth stages. Excessive nutrient supplies, which were much lower than the low-EC treatment, increased substrate salinity owing to the accumulation of nutrients during the latter half of the growth period in the 1.25 × and 1.5 × treatments. The stable EC and nutrient concentrations in the 1.0 × substrate solution over time suggest that the three-day adjustment interval would be short enough. The quantity criteria developed for the DFT system could generally be applied to long-term rockwool culture, but the optimum range of nutrient supply was found to be from 1.0 × to 1.25 × the DFT standard in the later growth stages.