Clinical Characteristics of Women with ADHD in Japan
Clinical Characteristics of Women with ADHD in Japan
复制标题
DOI：
10.2147/ndt.s232565
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Lwanami, Akira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayashi, Wakaho;Suzuki, Hirohisa;Lwanami, Akira
目的：虽然在成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患病率、合并症和社会功能等各个方面都有性别差异的报道，但在日本很少进行此类研究。我们的研究调查了日本临床样本中ADHD成人的社会人口统计学和临床特征的性别差异。由于独特的日本文化理想和对女性行为的期望与ADHD症状相反，我们假设患有ADHD的女性比男性经历更多的困难并表现出更多的功能障碍。我们测试了以下假设：第一，女性ADHD患者比男性ADHD患者有更多的合并症;第二，女性ADHD患者比男性经历更多的社会困难，例如全职工作较少，更容易离婚。患者和方法：受试者是335名诊断为DSM-5 ADHD的门诊患者，在2015年4月至2016年3月期间访问了位于东京市中心的昭和大学乌山医院的ADHD专科诊所。收集社会人口学和临床特征，并比较性别差异。结果：结果完全支持我们的假设：女性有一个显着较高的精神共病率，显着不太可能是一个全职员工，并显着更容易离婚比男性多动症。结论：与其他国家的研究一致，在日本，患有ADHD的女性比患有ADHD的男性有更大的障碍。强调了在社会文化背景下理解ADHD诊断成人性别差异的重要性。
Purpose: Although gender differences have been reported in various aspects of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as prevalence, comorbidities, and social functioning, there have been few such studies conducted in Japan. Our research investigated gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adults with ADHD in a Japanese clinical sample. Due to unique Japanese cultural ideals and expectations of women's behavior that are in opposition to ADHD symptoms, we hypothesized that women with ADHD experience more difficulties and present more dysfunctions than men. We tested the following hypotheses: first, women with ADHD have more comorbidities than men with ADHD; second, women with ADHD experience more social hardships than men, such as having less full-time employment and being more likely to be divorced.Patients and methods: The subjects were 335 outpatients with a DSM-5 ADHD diagnosis, who visited our ADHD specialty clinic at Showa University Karasuyama Hospital in central Tokyo between April 2015 and March 2016. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and gender differences were compared.Results: Results fully supported our hypotheses: women had a significantly higher psychiatric comorbidity rate, were significantly less likely to be a full-time employee, and were significantly more likely to be divorced than men with ADHD.Conclusion: Consistent with research in other countries, women with ADHD have greater impairments than men with ADHD in Japan. The importance of understanding gender differences of ADHD-diagnosed adults within a sociocultural context is highlighted.