Social feedback biases emerge during recall but not prediction and shift across the development of social anxiety.
Social feedback biases emerge during recall but not prediction and shift across the development of social anxiety.
复制标题
社会反馈偏差出现在回忆过程中，但不会出现在预测过程中，并且会随着社交焦虑的发展而变化。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2308593120
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Jarcho,JohannaM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnston,CamilleR;Quarmley,Megan;Nelson,BradyD;Helion,Chelsea;Murty,VishnuP;Jarcho,JohannaM
记忆是一个重建的过程，可能会导致人们回忆起比实际情况更积极或消极的事件。虽然积极的回忆偏见可能有助于幸福，消极的回忆偏见可能会促进内化症状，如社交焦虑。青春期的特点是同龄人的显著性增加和社交焦虑的高峰发生率。在成年期变得更加棘手之前，症状往往会减弱。关于如何以及何时表达对社会反馈的偏见以及偏见的个体差异如何导致整个发展过程中的社会焦虑，仍然存在悬而未决的问题。两项研究使用了社会反馈和线索反应任务来评估在检索记忆与进行预测时对被喜欢或不喜欢的偏见。研究结果显示，对于社会反馈的记忆，无论记忆是真是假，都存在强烈的积极性偏见。此外，记忆偏差与社交焦虑的发展敏感的方式。在成年人中（研究1），更严重的社交焦虑症状与消极偏见有关。在从青春期到成年期的过渡期间（研究2），年龄加强了那些症状不太严重的人的积极偏见，加强了那些症状更严重的人的消极偏见。这些模式的偏见是孤立的感知记忆检索，并没有推广到社会反馈的预测。这些结果提供了初步支持的模式，图式可能会渗透到过去的记忆的看法，但不是未来的预测，社会事件，塑造社会焦虑的易感性，特别是在过渡到成年。
Memory is a reconstructive process that can result in events being recalled as more positive or negative than they actually were. While positive recall biases may contribute to well-being, negative recall biases may promote internalizing symptoms, such as social anxiety. Adolescence is characterized by increased salience of peers and peak incidence of social anxiety. Symptoms often wax and wane before becoming more intractable during adulthood. Open questions remain regarding how and when biases for social feedback are expressed and how individual differences in biases may contribute to social anxiety across development. Two studies used a social feedback and cued response task to assess biases about being liked or disliked when retrieving memories vs. making predictions. Findings revealed a robust positivity bias about memories for social feedback, regardless of whether memories were true or false. Moreover, memory bias was associated with social anxiety in a developmentally sensitive way. Among adults (study 1), more severe symptoms of social anxiety were associated with a negativity bias. During the transition from adolescence to adulthood (study 2), age strengthened the positivity bias in those with less severe symptoms and strengthened the negativity bias in those with more severe symptoms. These patterns of bias were isolated to perceived memory retrieval and did not generalize to predictions about social feedback. These results provide initial support for a model by which schemas may infiltrate perceptions of memory for past, but not predictions of future, social events, shaping susceptibility for social anxiety, particularly during the transition into adulthood.