Detecting Fisheries-Induced Life-History Evolution: An Overview of the Reaction-Norm Approach
Detecting Fisheries-Induced Life-History Evolution: An Overview of the Reaction-Norm Approach
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检测渔业引起的生活史进化：反应范数方法概述
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
U. Dieckmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Heino;U. Dieckmann
生活史理论明确表明，捕鱼是被开发鱼类种群生活史进化的强大驱动力。由于生活史特征与鱼类种群的动态和生产力密切相关，因此了解和记录这一期望在现实中的实现程度在科学上和实践中都很重要。主要的经验挑战是双重的：观察表型变化并不意味着遗传变化，因为生活史特征是表型可塑的，捕鱼只是当代进化的一个潜在驱动力。在这里，我们通过描述如何在缺乏遗传数据的情况下努力解开遗传和可塑性效应来关注第一个挑战。特别是，我们解释了如何考虑成熟反应规范有助于解开在成熟的年龄和大小的遗传和塑料的变化。我们首先列出了成熟反应规范方法的逻辑和局限性。然后，我们回顾了最重要的统计方法，估计成熟反应规范的经验数据。对于这些方法中的每一种，我们讨论了它的主要适用性及其优缺点。生活史理论认为，生活史特征的多样性可归因于应对不同死亡模式的替代方法（罗夫，1992; Stearns，1992）。就鱼类而言，工业规模捕捞造成的死亡率变化在幅度和模式上都是剧烈的：捕捞造成的死亡率可超过自然死亡率几百倍，
Life-history theory unequivocally suggests that fishing acts as a powerful driver of life-history evolution in exploited fish populations. Because life-history traits are closely linked to the dynamics and productivity of fish populations, understand ing and documenting the extent to which this expectation is borne out in reality is both scientifically and practically important. The primary empirical challenges are twofold: observing phenotypic change does not imply genetic change as life-history traits are phenotypically plastic, and fishing is but one potential driver of contem porary evolution. here we focus on the first challenge by describing how to work toward disentangling genetic and plastic effects in the absence of genetic data. In particular, we explain how the consideration of maturation reaction norms helps to disentangle genetic and plastic changes in age and size at maturation. We first out line the logic and limitations of the maturation reaction-norm approach. We then review the most important statistical methods available for estimating maturation reaction norms from empirical data. For each of these methods, we discuss its do main of applicability together with its strengths and weaknesses. Life-history theory suggests that much of the diversity in life-history characteris tics can be attributed to alternative means of coping with different mortality patterns (Roff, 1992; Stearns, 1992). For fish, changes in mortality caused by industrial-scale fishing are drastic, in terms of both magnitude and pattern: mortality imposed by fishing can exceed natural mortality by several hundred percent and typically in