Should advertising parental care be honest?
Should advertising parental care be honest?
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1998.0515
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发表时间：
1998-10-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kokko, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kokko, H
受到父亲照顾的物种比那些没有照顾的雄性物种表现出更少夸张的性装饰，尽管来自父亲照顾的直接好处可能远远超过配偶选择的间接好处。条件依赖性障碍是否可以表明养育能力存在争议。好父母过程预测了父母投资的诚实信号的演变，而差异分配模型则表明配偶的吸引力与其照顾提供之间的权衡。我表明，这两种选择都可以从对广告、亲本投资和雄性未来繁殖价值的最佳分配中产生，并且雄性从多次交配中获得的边际适应度收益决定了应该应用哪种选择。如果一夫多妻制或异性交配的机会受到限制，边际收益就会减少。广告预计会是谦虚和诚实的，同时表明遗传质量和取决于条件的父母投资。边际收益的增加可能与遗传质量对后代健康有重大影响的情况有关。这种替代方案导致了差异化分配，广告力度更大，配对外交更频繁，雄性照顾减少。如果分配收益有阈值，例如，可靠性也会降低。是否存在生存所需的最低身体条件，或者雌性是否采用一夫多妻制的择偶策略。
Species with paternal care show less exaggerated sexual ornamentation than those in which males do not care, although direct benefits from paternal care can vastly exceed the indirect benefits of mate choice. Whether condition-dependent handicaps can signal parenting ability is controversial. The good-parent process predicts the evolution of honest signals of parental investment, whereas the differential-allocation model suggests a trade-off between the attractiveness of a mate and his care-provisioning. I show that both alternatives can arise from optimal allocations to advertisement, parental investment and future reproductive value of the male, and that the male's marginal fitness gain from multiple matings determines which option should apply. The marginal gain is diminishing if opportunities for polygyny or extra-pair copulations are limited. Advertisement is then expected to be modest and honest, indicating genetic quality and condition-dependent parental investment simultaneously. Increasing marginal gains are likely to be related to cases where genetic quality has a significant influence on offspring fitness. This alternative leads to differential allocation with stronger advertisement, more frequent extra-pair copulations, and diminished male care. Reliability is also reduced if allocation benefits have thresholds, e.g. if there is a minimum body condition required for survival, or if females use a polygyny-threshold strategy of mate choice.