Three-dimensional modelling and analysis of dinosaur trackways
Three-dimensional modelling and analysis of dinosaur trackways
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00789.x
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hodgetts, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bates, Karl T.;Manning, Phillip L.;Hodgetts, David
光探测和测距（LiDAR）成像提供了一种高精度地模拟野外化石足迹3D几何形状的方法。这代表了脊椎动物遗迹学科学的巨大进步，其中传统的野外方法存在很大程度的抽象性，并且缺乏定量解释轨迹所需的分辨率。三维激光雷达模型提供额外的形态测量信息，并允许应用数字环境特有的新分析工具。该方法将使化石轨迹形态学发展成为一个迭代过程，结合3D可视化和多元统计方法，混合定性和定量方法，并允许轨迹形态进行全面比较。使用激光雷达对Fumanya（比利牛斯山脉东南部）的轨道进行建模，使线性轨道尺寸的变化能够通过不同剪切模式随脚/沉积物界面以下深度增加的不同贡献来解释。pes痕迹的地形特征表明，其痕迹体积内的地下区域是由穿孔和局部剪切的相互作用定义的，位于现已因侵蚀而消失的液化破坏表面区域下方。这个模型的机械故障，使踏板运动学的titanosaurid蜥脚类恐龙的初步审查，并建议多相负载的沉积物的titanosaurid足。然而，仅从这些3D表面的检查，不可能区分在支撑阶段的最大高度处的脚趾离地事件之前踏板运动的一个或两个离散阶段的可能性。通过将LiDAR模型与3D数字环境中的模拟建模相结合，将有可能澄清对化石足迹和灭绝动物运动力学的解释。
Light Detection And Range (LiDAR) imaging provides a means to model the 3D geometry of fossil tracks in the field with high accuracy. This represents a considerable advance for the science of vertebrate ichnology in which traditional field methods suffer from a significant degree of abstraction and lack the resolution required to interpret tracks quantitatively. Three-dimensional LiDAR models provide additional morphometric information and allow the application of new analytical tools unique to the digital environment. The method will enable fossil track morphometrics to develop into an iterative process that combines 3D visualization and multivariate statistical methods, blending qualitative and quantitative approaches and allowing track morphologies to be compared holistically. Modelling of trackways from Fumanya (south-east Pyrenees) using LiDAR has enabled variation in linear track dimensions to be explained by the varied contribution of different modes of shear with increasing depth below the foot/sediment interface. Features in the relief of pes traces indicate that subsurface zones within their track volumes are defined by the interaction of puncture and local shear, below a surface zone of liquefaction failure now lost to erosion. This model of mechanical failure enables a preliminary review of the pedal kinematics of titanosaurid sauropod dinosaurs and suggests multiphase loading of the sediment by the titanosaurid pes. However, from inspection of these 3D surfaces alone it is not possible to differentiate between the possibility of one or two discrete phases of pedal motion preceding the toe-off event at the maximum height of the support phase. By integrating LiDAR models with analogue modelling within a 3D digital environment it will be possible to clarify such interpretations of fossil tracks and the locomotor mechanics of extinct animals.