Bacterial Communities Associated with Host-Adapted Populations of Pea Aphids Revealed by Deep Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal DNA
Bacterial Communities Associated with Host-Adapted Populations of Pea Aphids Revealed by Deep Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal DNA
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0120664
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发表时间：
2015-03-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Simon, Jean-Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gauthier, Jean-Pierre;Outreman, Yannick;Simon, Jean-Christophe
微生物和动物之间的联系是普遍存在的，宿主可能通过改善资源开发或抵抗环境压力而受益于微生物群落的庇护。豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）是可遗传的细菌共生体的宿主，包括专性内共生体蚜虫和几种兼性共生体。专性共生体为蚜虫提供关键的营养物质，兼性共生体则以多种方式影响寄主，如抵御天敌、耐热性、变色和繁殖改变。豌豆蚜虫还包括多种植物特化的生物型，每一种都适应一种或几种豆科植物。兼性共生体群落在不同生物类型之间差异很大，尽管细菌参与植物特化尚不确定。在这里，我们利用16S rRNA基因扩增子焦磷酸测序分析了与豌豆蚜虫复合体九种生物型相关的细菌群落的多样性。对16S序列进行聚类和系统发育分析，鉴定出21个细菌otu （Operational Taxonomic Unit）。超过98%的测序读数被分配给已知的豌豆蚜虫共生体。在棘球绦虫中确认存在沃尔巴克氏体，而在多个样本中检测到两种肠道伴生菌Erwinia和Pantoea。豌豆蚜虫生物型所携带的细菌群落多样性很低，在3 ~ 11个OTUs之间。细菌群落之间的差异大于生物型内的差异，但这种差异与生物型之间的遗传差异无关。总之，这些结果证实了蚜虫微生物群由少数可遗传的共生体主导，植物特化是与豌豆蚜虫复合体相关的细菌群落的重要结构因素。然而，由于我们检查了在控制条件下保存几代蚜虫样品的微生物群，可能由于环境或瞬时分类群的可能损失而低估了细菌多样性。
Associations between microbes and animals are ubiquitous and hosts may benefit from harbouring microbial communities through improved resource exploitation or resistance to environmental stress. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is the host of heritable bacterial symbionts, including the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola and several facultative symbionts. While obligate symbionts supply aphids with key nutrients, facultative symbionts influence their hosts in many ways such as protection against natural enemies, heat tolerance, color change and reproduction alteration. The pea aphid also encompasses multiple plant-specialized biotypes, each adapted to one or a few legume species. Facultative symbiont communities differ strongly between biotypes, although bacterial involvement in plant specialization is uncertain. Here, we analyse the diversity of bacterial communities associated with nine biotypes of the pea aphid complex using amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Combined clustering and phylogenetic analyses of 16S sequences allowed identifying 21 bacterial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Unit). More than 98% of the sequencing reads were assigned to known pea aphid symbionts. The presence of Wolbachia was confirmed in A. pisum while Erwinia and Pantoea, two gut associates, were detected in multiple samples. The diversity of bacterial communities harboured by pea aphid biotypes was very low, ranging from 3 to 11 OTUs across samples. Bacterial communities differed more between than within biotypes but this difference did not correlate with the genetic divergence between biotypes. Altogether, these results confirm that the aphid microbiota is dominated by a few heritable symbionts and that plant specialization is an important structuring factor of bacterial communities associated with the pea aphid complex. However, since we examined the microbiota of aphid samples kept a few generations in controlled conditions, it may be that bacterial diversity was underestimated due to the possible loss of environmental or transient taxa.