Optimal focus evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation in non-invasive neuroimaging in the second near-infrared window
Optimal focus evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation in non-invasive neuroimaging in the second near-infrared window
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mex.2019.09.010
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
T. Iida;Hiro Yamato;T. Jin;Y. Nomura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Iida;Hiro Yamato;T. Jin;Y. Nomura
通过小鼠完整的头皮调整焦平面在使用量子点在1100 nm波长下发射第二个近红外光的新型脑血管血管成像中至关重要。通过尾静脉给药。当我们聚焦在头皮表面下0.4 mm时，根据先前报道的小鼠的解剖学特性，在显微镜下瞬时观察到的清晰荧光图像的强度在几秒钟内变得非常弱。重复调整焦平面的剩余时间极短。为了研究焦点，在一个包括头皮、头骨、脑脊液和皮质的四层蒙特卡罗模型中跟踪了0.4、0.8、1.4和2.0 mm处的光子激发和发射光子。根据0.4 mm深度的量子点发射的最接近弹道的光子和所用显微镜的规格(包括数值孔径和景深)，设置了最佳的焦平面。·提出了一种新的脑血管结构血管成像技术，使用具有第二次近红外荧光的量子点。·先前报道的解剖学特性允许在荧光下观察之前聚焦到完整头皮表面以下0.4 mm处。·脑血管结构的清晰图像归因于0.4 mm深度的量子点发射的许多近弹道光子。
Adjusting the focal plane through the intact scalp of mice is crucial in novel angiography of cerebral vasculature using quantum dots emitting second near-infrared light at a wavelength of 1100 nm. Reagents were administered through the caudal vein. When we focused 0.4 mm below the scalp surface, based on the anatomical properties of mice reported previously, the intensity of clear fluorescence images observed transiently under a microscope became very weak within several seconds. The remaining time was extremely short to repeat adjustment of the focal plane. To investigate focus, photons exciting quantum dots at depths of 0.4, 0.8, 1.4, and 2.0 mm and emission photons were tracked in a four-layered Monte Carlo model including the scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and cortex. Based on the most near-ballistic photons emitted from quantum dots at 0.4 mm depth and specification of the microscope used, including numerical aperture and depth of field, the optimal focus plane was set.•Novel angiography for cerebrovascular structures was proposed using quantum dots with second near-infrared fluorescence.•Anatomical properties reported previously allowed focusing 0.4 mm below the surface of intact scalp before observation under fluorescence.•Clear images of cerebrovascular structures were attributed to many near-ballistic photons emitted from quantum dots at 0.4 mm depth.