Staphylococcus xylosus Cystitis and Struvite Urolithiasis in Nude Mice Implanted with Sustained-release Estrogen Pellets.
Staphylococcus xylosus Cystitis and Struvite Urolithiasis in Nude Mice Implanted with Sustained-release Estrogen Pellets.
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DOI：
10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000005
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
K. Salleng;Carissa P. Jones;K. Boyd;D. Hicks;M. Williams;R. Cook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Salleng;Carissa P. Jones;K. Boyd;D. Hicks;M. Williams;R. Cook
雌性裸鼠（J:NU-Foxn1nu，年龄，6周）在第4乳腺脂肪垫内注射100万个MCF7人乳腺癌细胞，并在颈背皮下注射21 d缓释雌激素颗粒（0.25 mg）。所有小鼠饲养在无菌环境中，并提供无菌水和辐照鼠粮。植入后约6周，30只小鼠中有4只出现抑郁和脱水的临床症状。对2只感染最严重的动物实施安乐死并进行尸检。这些动物的膀胱膨胀成大小不一的白色不透明尿石。尿液分析显示有球菌、红细胞、中性粒细胞和鸟粪石晶体。两种死亡动物的尿液培养都有大量纯木糖葡萄球菌生长。该菌对除红霉素（中间体）外的所有抗生素均敏感。对尿石的分析显示其成分100%为鸟粪石。研究中剩余的小鼠临床评估水合状态、排尿能力和膀胱中可触及的结石的存在；另外一只小鼠的膀胱坚硬、无痛（怀疑是尿石症）。考虑到从尿液样本中培养的微生物的敏感性，其余小鼠在饮用水中使用恩诺沙星（0.5 mg/mL）。所有剩余的小鼠完成了研究，没有进一步的发病率或死亡率。以前的研究已经报道了雌激素补充与膀胱病理的关系，包括感染和尿石症。在这里，我们提出了一例裸鼠接受雌激素补充尿石症和膀胱炎的病例，这与木糖葡萄球菌有关，这在以前的背景下没有报道。当评估这些裸鼠是否患有尿石症时，我们发现通过体壁观察结石、膀胱触诊和膀胱表达有助于识别患病小鼠。
Female nude mice (J:NU-Foxn1nu; age, 6 wk) were injected with 1 million MCF7 human breast cancer cells in the fourth mammary fat pads and received a 21-d sustained-release estrogen pellet (0.25 mg) subcutaneously in the dorsum of the neck. All mice were maintained in sterile housing and provided sterile water and irradiated rodent chow. Approximately 6 wk after implantation, 4 of the 30 mice showed clinical signs of depression and dehydration. The 2 animals most severely affected were euthanized and presented for necropsy. The urinary bladders of these animals were distended with variable sized white, opaque uroliths. Urinalysis revealed coccal bacteria, erythrocytes, neutrophils and struvite crystals. Urine cultures from both necropsied animals grew heavy, pure growths of Staphylococcus xylosus. The organism was sensitive to all antibiotics tested except erythromycin (intermediate). Analysis of the uroliths revealed 100% struvite composition. Remaining mice in the study were evaluated clinically for hydration status, the ability to urinate, and the presence of palpable stones in the urinary bladder; one additional mouse had a firm, nonpainful bladder (urolithiasis suspected). Given the sensitivity of the organisms cultured from urine samples, the remaining mice were placed on enrofloxacin in the drinking water (0.5 mg/mL). All remaining mice completed the study without further morbidity or mortality. Previous studies have reported the association of estrogen supplementation with urinary bladder pathology, including infection and urolithiasis. Here we present a case of urolithiasis and cystitis in nude mice receiving estrogen supplementation that was associated with Staphylococcus xylosus, which previously was unreported in this context. When assessing these nude mice for urolithiasis, we found that visualizing the stones through the body wall, bladder palpation, and bladder expression were helpful in identifying affected mice.