Diversity of indigenous fruit trees and their contribution to nutrition and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa: examples from kenya and Cameroon
Diversity of indigenous fruit trees and their contribution to nutrition and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa: examples from kenya and Cameroon
复制标题
撒哈拉以南非洲本土果树的多样性及其对营养和生计的贡献：肯尼亚和喀麦隆的例子
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Jamnadass
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kehlenbeck;E. Asaah;R. Jamnadass
在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），在农场种植驯化和野生水果品种使小规模农民的作物生产选择多样化，并可以带来可观的健康、生态和经济收入（keatinge等人，2010年；Weinberger和Lumpkin，2005年）。尽管在全球市场上相对不为人知，但数十种本土果树品种 (IFT) 对当地粮食/营养安全和创收具有重要意义。阿金尼费西等人。 （2008）表明，来自非洲不同地区的许多野生水果品种在经过驯化并成功进行农场生产方面具有巨大潜力。由于经济和人口增长以及城市化率的提高，撒哈拉以南非洲的水果市场预计将大幅增长。肯尼亚每年增长 5.7%（ICRAF 的计算基于 Ruel 等人，2005 年）。妇女经常积极参与水果加工和贸易并从中受益，特别是本土水果（Schreckenberg 等，2006）。通过适当的推广，水果对非洲农民和消费者的生计和健康的贡献可以大大增加。目前，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的水果消费量——东非人均每日仅 36 克，西非约为 90 克（世界卫生组织，2002 年）——远低于每人每日 200 克的建议摄入量（世界卫生组织，2003 年）。在撒哈拉以南非洲，约 30% 的居民（其中大多数是妇女和儿童）营养不良（UNSCN，2010）。水果不仅提供容易获得的能量，还提供维持和支持人类健康生长和活动所必需的微量营养素，例如维生素和矿物质（参见下面的示例）。然而，有多种因素限制了非洲的水果消费和生产，例如：
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), growing both domesticated and wild fruit species on farms diversifies the crop production options of small-scale farmers and can bring significant health, ecological and economic revenues (keatinge et al., 2010; Weinberger and Lumpkin, 2005). Dozens of indigenous fruit tree species (IFTs), although relatively unknown in global markets, are locally of large importance for food/nutrition security and income generation. Akinnifesi et al. (2008) showed the high potential of many wild fruit species from different African regions for undergoing domestication followed by successful on-farm production. Fruit markets in SSA are estimated to grow substantially due to economic and human population growth and increasing urbanisation rates, e.g. by 5.7 per cent per year in kenya (calculation of ICRAF based on Ruel et al., 2005). Women are often strongly involved in and benefit from fruit processing and trade, particularly with regard to indigenous fruits (Schreckenberg et al., 2006). With appropriate promotion, the contribution of fruits to the livelihoods and health of African farmers and consumers could be substantially increased. Currently, fruit consumption in SSA – with a daily average of only 36 g per person in Eastern and about 90 g in Western Africa (WHO, 2002) – is far below the recommended daily amount of 200 g per person (WHO, 2003). In sub-Saharan Africa about 30 per cent of inhabitants, most of them women and children, suffer from malnutrition (UNSCN, 2010). Fruits offer not only easily available energy, but also micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals necessary to sustain and support human healthy growth and activity (see examples below). There are, however, a variety of factors that constrain fruit consumption and production in Africa such as: