Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on cognition in adolescent tobacco smokers
Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on cognition in adolescent tobacco smokers
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.022
复制
发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Pugh, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobsen, LK;Krystal, JH;Pugh, KR
背景：在成年动物和人类中，尼古丁可以产生短期的认知增强作用，在某些情况下，还可以产生神经保护作用。然而，最近的动物研究表明，青春期接触尼古丁可能具有神经毒性。我们测试了吸烟对每天吸烟的青少年认知的急性和慢性影响的证据，并与青少年非吸烟者进行了比较。方法：言语工作记忆，言语学习和记忆，选择性，分裂，持续注意力，情绪，尼古丁戒断症状，对41名青少年每日吸烟者和32名年龄、性别和教育程度相似的非吸烟者进行了吸烟和烟草渴望的调查。分析控制一般智力，阅读成就，父母的教育程度，基线情感症状，和一生中暴露于酒精和cannabis.Results：在青少年吸烟者，停止烟草使用增加烟草渴望，尼古丁戒断症状，抑郁情绪。青少年吸烟者被发现有损伤的准确性工作记忆的表现，无论最近的吸烟。性能递减更严重的发病年龄吸烟。青少年吸烟者在戒烟期间经历了工作记忆和言语记忆的进一步破坏。作为一个群体，男性吸烟者开始吸烟的年龄比女性吸烟者更早，并且在选择性和分散注意力的测试中比女性吸烟者和不吸烟者受到的损害更大。青少年每日吸烟者在戒烟后经历言语记忆和工作记忆的急性损伤，沿着认知能力的慢性下降，这与临床前证据一致，即当暴露于尼古丁出现在发育的早期。
Background: In adult animals and humans, nicotine can produce short-term cognitive enhancement and, in some cases, neuroprotection. Recent work in animals, however, suggests that exposure to nicotine during adolescence might be neurotoxic. We tested for evidence of acute and chronic effects of tobacco smoking on cognition in adolescents who smoked tobacco daily and were tested for evidence of acute and chronic effects compared with adolescent nonsmokers.Methods: Verbal working memory, verbal learning and memory, selective, divided, sustained attention, mood, symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, and tobacco craving were examined in 41 adolescent daily smokers and 32 nonsmokers who were similar in age, gender, and education. Analyses were controlled for general intelligence, reading achievement, parental educational attainment, baseline affective symptoms, and lifetime exposure to alcohol and cannabis.Results: In adolescent smokers, cessation of tobacco use increased tobacco craving, symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, and depressed mood. Adolescent smokers were found to have impairments in accuracy of working memory performance irrespective of recency of smoking. Performance decrements were more severe with earlier age of onset of smoking. Adolescent smokers experienced further disruption of working memory and verbal memory during smoking cessation. As a group, male smokers initiated smoking at an earlier age than female smokers and were significantly more impaired during tests of selective and divided attention than female smokers and nonsmokers.Conclusions: Adolescent daily tobacco smokers experience acute impairments of verbal memory and working memory after smoking cessation, along with chronic decrements in cognitive performance that are consistent with preclinical evidence that neurotoxic effects of nicotine are more severe when exposure to nicotine occurs at earlier periods in development.