Peopled Scrolls: a Hellenistic Motif in Imperial Art
Peopled Scrolls: a Hellenistic Motif in Imperial Art
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人物卷轴：帝国艺术中的希腊化主题
DOI：
10.1017/s0068246200006139
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发表时间：
1950
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
J. Perkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Toynbee;J. Perkins
在花卉卷轴上画上活物是一种装饰手段，在整个帝国艺术史上以及几乎在帝国的每一个国家都享有无与伦比的声望。它的全面栽培和开花是在罗马时代实现的;但它的根源，就像几乎每一个罗马艺术主题一样，是在古典希腊和希腊化晚期的世界。这些根是多样的和复杂的。原始的观念认为，精神存在于树木和植物中，并在后来的阶段以可见的形式人格化，这可能起到了一定的作用;其中一些构成元素当然可以追溯到宗教象征主义;更直接的是4世纪艺术的自然主义趋势的影响，这种趋势倾向于将鸟类、昆虫和小野兽描绘成它们的原生环境。在希腊化和帝国时代，随着这些元素的混合和主题变得更加广泛，幻想逐渐超过事实;为了不协调而喜欢不协调，在葡萄树和刺果树上的人身上，可以找到神话和风俗的场景和人物，在树叶中或在细长的茎上，或者与人的形象和狗，牛，马，熊等坚实的四足动物，黑豹和狮子，在绿叶的漩涡中横冲直撞，或者从花的中心跳出来。
The peopling of floral scrolls with living creatures is a decorative device which enjoyed unrivalled popularity throughout the whole history of Imperial art and in almost every country of the Empire. Its full cultivation and flowering were achieved in the Roman age; but its roots, like those of nearly every Roman art-motif, are in the late classical Greek and Hellenistic worlds. These roots were varied and complex. The primitive notion of spirits indwelling in trees and plants, and at a later stage personified in visible shape, may have played a part; some of the constituent elements can certainly be traced back to religious symbolism; and more immediate was the influence of the naturalistic trend of fourth-century art, which favoured the idea of rendering birds, insects, and small beasts in their native setting. In Hellenistic and Imperial times, as these elements mingled and the motif became more widespread, fancy came gradually to outweigh fact; and a delight in incongruity for its own sake found ready expression in the peopling of vine- and acanthus-rinceaux with mythological and genre scenes and figures, framed in the foliage or poised on slender stems, or with human figures and such solid quadrupeds as dogs, bulls, horses, bears, panthers, and lions, careering through the leafy whorls or springing from the hearts of flowers.