Orphans and new gene origination, a structural and evolutionary perspective
Orphans and new gene origination, a structural and evolutionary perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sbi.2014.05.006
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Elofsson, Arne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Light, Sara;Basile, Walter;Elofsson, Arne
蛋白质从头产生的频率一直存在争议。早期，人们认为从头创造应该是极其罕见的，绝大多数蛋白质编码基因是在生命的早期历史中创造的。然而，早期的基因组学时代使人们认识到蛋白质编码基因似乎确实具有谱系特异性。今天，随着成千上万的基因组完全测序，这种印象仍然存在。甚至有人提出，新基因的创造是一个连续的过程，其中大多数新生基因都是短暂的，与基因复制一样频繁。有报告显示，在许多生物体中，从细菌（有时通过噬菌体产生）到人类（其中孤儿似乎在脑和睾丸中过表达），存在强有力的指示性证据表明从头基因出现。相反，对蛋白质进化的研究表明，许多非常遥远的相关蛋白质似乎共享部分同源性。在这里，我们讨论了关于从头基因出现的最新结果，以及限制我们获得从头蛋白质产生程度的明确答案的能力的重要技术挑战。
The frequency of de novo creation of proteins has been debated. Early it was assumed that de novo creation should be extremely rare and that the vast majority of all protein coding genes were created in early history of life. However, the early genomics era lead to the insight that protein coding genes do appear to be lineage-specific. Today, with thousands of completely sequenced genomes, this impression remains. It has even been proposed that the creation of novel genes, a continuous process where most de novo genes are short-lived, is as frequent as gene duplications. There exist reports with strongly indicative evidence for de novo gene emergence in many organisms ranging from Bacteria, sometimes generated through bacteriophages, to humans, where orphans appear to be overexpressed in brain and testis. In contrast, research on protein evolution indicates that many very distantly related proteins appear to share partial homology. Here, we discuss recent results on de novo gene emergence, as well as important technical challenges limiting our ability to get a definite answer to the extent of de novo protein creation.