Look who's talking: a prospective study of familial transmission of language impairments.
Look who's talking: a prospective study of familial transmission of language impairments.
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看看谁在说话：语言障碍家族遗传的前瞻性研究。
DOI：
10.1044/jslhr.4005.990
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Benasich,AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spitz,RV;Tallal,P;Flax,J;Benasich,AA
语言障碍被假设为有遗传成分。之前对语言障碍家庭聚集性的研究依赖于基于父母/自我报告的语言发展史的回顾性方法。本研究通过调查具有明确语言障碍的个体的年幼兄弟姐妹和后代的语言习得和认知发展，前瞻性地检查了家族聚集性。据预测，有语言障碍阳性家族史的儿童比年龄和性别匹配的对照组更有可能表现出语言习得延迟。在非语言领域，如概念、手势或一般认知发展，预计不会出现类似的延迟。对10名有阳性家族史的儿童和10名年龄和性别匹配的对照进行了测试。对16至26个月的语言和认知评估的分析证实了这些预测。有语言障碍家族史的儿童接受性和表达性语言得分低于对照组，其中50%的儿童得分低于其年龄平均值至少1.5SD。与此同时，在一些不依赖于语言能力的任务上的表现并没有因为家族史而有所不同。这些结果表明，有积极的语言障碍家族史的儿童有语言延迟的风险;结果也支持语言障碍的家庭组成部分。
Language impairments have been hypothesized to have a genetic component. Previous studies of the familial aggregation of language impairments have relied on a retrospective approach based on parental/self-reported history of language development. This study examined familial aggregation prospectively, by investigating language acquisition and cognitive development in the younger siblings and offspring of individuals with well-defined language impairments. It was predicted that children with a positive family history for language impairments would be more likely to show delays in language acquisition than would age- and gender-matched controls. Similar delays were not expected in nonlinguistic domains, such as conceptual, gestural, or general cognitive development. Ten children with a positive family history and 10 age- and gender-matched controls were tested. Analyses of linguistic and cognitive assessments at 16 to 26 months confirmed the predictions. Children with a family history of language impairments had lower receptive and expressive language scores than controls, with 50% of them scoring at least 1.5SDbelow the mean for their age. At the same time, performance on a number of tasks that did not rely on language abilities did not differ as a function of family history. These results indicate that children with a positive family history for language impairments are at risk for language delay; the results also support a familial component to language impairments.