A PERMANENT CHANGE IN BRAIN FUNCTION RESULTING FROM DAILY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
A PERMANENT CHANGE IN BRAIN FUNCTION RESULTING FROM DAILY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
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DOI：
10.1016/0014-4886(69)90128-9
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发表时间：
1969-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
LEECH, CK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GODDARD, GV;MCINTYRE, DC;LEECH, CK
每天一次以恒定强度进行非极化脑电刺激的短暂爆发。起初，刺激对行为的影响很小，并没有引起电图后放电。随着重复，对刺激的反应逐渐改变，包括局部癫痫发作放电，行为自动症，并最终出现双侧阵挛性惊厥。此后，该动物对每天的刺激爆发作出反应，出现完全惊厥。这种效应是通过对与边缘系统相关的位点进行双极刺激而获得的，而不是通过刺激大脑的许多其他区域。参数研究和对照观察结果表明，该效应是由于电激活，而不是组织损伤、中毒、水肿或神经胶质增生。大脑功能的变化被证明是永久性的和跨突触的性质。大规模试验刺激，短的爆发间隔，很少导致抽搐。当两次试验之间的间隔接近24小时时，引起第一次惊厥所需的刺激试验次数减少。进一步增加试验间隔对首次惊厥的试验次数几乎没有影响。高强度刺激研究表明，惊厥的发生不仅仅是基于阈值降低，而是涉及复杂的功能重组。在边缘系统的不同部分使用两个电极的实验表明，先前建立的惊厥可以促进第二个惊厥病灶的建立，但是第二个惊厥病灶的建立部分地抑制了原始病灶的永久性惊厥特性。
Brief bursts of nonpolarizing electrical brain stimulation were presented once each day at constant intensity. At first the stimulation had little effect on behavior and did not cause electrographic afterdischarge. With repetition the response to stimulation progressively changed to include localized seizure discharge, behavioral automatisms and, eventually, bilateral clonic convulsions. Thereafter, the animal responded to each daily burst of stimulation with a complete convulsion. The effect was obtained from bipolar stimulation of loci associated with the limbic system, but not from stimulation of many other regions of the brain. Parametric studies and control observations revealed that the effect was due to electrical activation and not to tissue damage, poison, edema, or gliosis. The changes in brain function were shown to be both permanent and trans-synaptic in nature. Massed-trial stimulation, with short inter-burst intervals, rarely led to convulsions. The number of stimulation trials necessary to elicit the first convulsion decreased as the interval between trials approached 24 hours. Further increase in the inter-trial interval had little effect on the number of trials to first convulsion. High-intensity stimulation studies revealed that the development of convulsions was not based simply on threshold reduction, but involved complex reorganization of function. Experiments with two electrodes in separate parts of the limbic system revealed that previously established convulsions could facilitate the establishment of a second convulsive focus, but that the establishment of this second convulsive focus partially suppressed the otherwise permanent convulsive properties of the original focus.