Experimental evidence of dietary factors and hormone-dependent cancers.
Experimental evidence of dietary factors and hormone-dependent cancers.
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作者：
K. Carroll
目前对环境因素（如饮食）在人类癌症病因学中的重要性的认识，激发了人们对研究饮食对肿瘤发生影响的动物模型的新兴趣。饮食可以通过影响肿瘤发生的开始或随后的肿瘤前阶段来影响动物的癌症，但对肿瘤生长的影响较小。热量限制对肿瘤发生具有普遍的抑制作用。另一方面，膳食脂肪往往会促进肿瘤的发生，但只有某些类型的肿瘤，如乳腺肿瘤，会受到影响。热量限制和饮食脂肪似乎主要在肿瘤前状态起作用，它们对激素依赖性肿瘤的影响可能是通过激素环境的变化介导的。其他饮食因素的变化，如蛋白质、维生素或矿物质，高于正常维持所需的水平，似乎对肿瘤的发生或生长几乎没有影响。
Current awareness of the importance of environmental factors such as diet in the etiology of human cancer has stimulated renewed interest in animal models for studying effects of diet on tumorigenesis. Diet can influence cancer in animals by affecting the initiation or subsequent preneoplastic stage of tumorigenesis, but it has less effect on tumor growth. Caloric restriction has a general inhibitory influence on tumorigenesis. Dietary fat, on the other hand, tends to promote tumorigenesis, but only certain types of tumors, such as mammary tumors, are affected. Both caloric restriction and dietary fat appear to act primarily during the preneoplastic state, and their effects on hormone-dependent tumors may be mediated through changes in the hormonal environment. Variations in other dietary factors, such as protein, vitamins, or minerals, above the levels required for normal maintenance seem to have little influence on the genesis or growth of tumors.