UNCONSCIOUS ACQUISITION OF COMPLEX PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE
UNCONSCIOUS ACQUISITION OF COMPLEX PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.13.4.523
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发表时间：
1987-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
HOFFMAN, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEWICKI, P;CZYZEWSKA, M;HOFFMAN, H
这项研究展示了获取有关复杂刺激模式的信息的过程以及这些知识对受试者后续表现的促进影响。在两个实验中，受试者接触一系列包含目标的帧 12 小时，他们的任务是在每个帧中搜索目标。该序列被分为逻辑块，每个逻辑块包含七个试验。每个区块的第七次试验中的目标位置是可以根据之前六次试验中的四次中的目标位置的特定序列来预测的。试点研究和广泛的实验后访谈表明，没有一个受试者注意到任何接近操纵本质的东西（即模式）。然而，他们对关键试验的反应潜伏期的预测模式表明，他们实际上已经获得了一些关于先前试验的模式如何与关键试验相关的直观（无意识）知识。这种现象被认为是一种普遍存在的无意识过程，涉及初级和高级认知技能的发展。
This research demonstrates a process of acquisition of information about a complex pattern of stimuli and the facilitating influence of this knowledge on subjects' subsequent performance. In two experiments, subjects were exposed for 12 hr to a sequence of frames containing a target, and their task was to search for the target in each frame. The sequence was divided into logical blocks of seven trials each. Locations of the target in the seventh trial of each block were predictable on the basis of the specific sequences of target locations in four out of the previous six trials. Pilot studies and extensive postexperimental interviews indicated that none of the subjects noticed anything even close to the real nature of the manipulation (ie, the pattern). However, the predicted patterns of latency of their responses to the critical trials indicate that they had, in fact, acquired some intuitive (unconscious) knowledge about how the pattern of prior trials was related to the critical trial. The phenomenon is discussed as a ubiquitous unconscious process involved in the development of both elementary and high-level cognitive skills.