Phase of Spontaneous Slow Oscillations during Sleep Influences Memory-Related Processing of Auditory Cues
Phase of Spontaneous Slow Oscillations during Sleep Influences Memory-Related Processing of Auditory Cues
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3175-15.2016
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发表时间：
2016-01-27
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Paller, Ken A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batterink, Laura J.;Creery, Jessica D.;Paller, Ken A.
慢波睡眠（SWS）期间的慢振荡可能通过调节海马和皮层网络之间的相互作用而促进记忆巩固。慢振荡表现为高振幅的同步EEG活动，对应于神经元去极化的上状态和超极化的下状态。记忆再激活在SWS期间自发发生，并且也可以通过在睡眠期间呈现与先前学习事件相关的学习相关线索来诱导。这种技术，有针对性的记忆激活（TMR），选择性地增强记忆巩固。考虑到记忆再激活被认为优先发生在慢振荡的上状态，我们假设TMR刺激效应将取决于慢振荡的相位。参与者学习任意的空间位置的对象，每个配对的特征声音（如猫喵）。然后，在午睡的SWS期间，一半的声音以低强度呈现。当随后测试物体位置记忆时，对于那些在睡眠中提示的物体，回忆准确率明显更好。我们在这里报告的第一次，这种记忆的好处是预测的慢波相位在刺激的时候。对于线索对象，位置记忆被归类为根据遗忘量从睡前到午睡后。高遗忘与低遗忘的条件对应于不同慢振荡阶段的刺激时间，这表明与学习相关的刺激更有可能被处理，并在慢振荡的最佳阶段发生时触发记忆重新激活。这些发现提供了对睡眠期间记忆再激活机制的深入了解，支持了再激活最有可能发生在皮层上状态的观点。
Slow oscillations during slow-wave sleep (SWS) may facilitate memory consolidation by regulating interactions between hippocampal and cortical networks. Slow oscillations appear as high-amplitude, synchronized EEG activity, corresponding to upstates of neuronal depolarization and downstates of hyperpolarization. Memory reactivations occur spontaneously during SWS, and can also be induced by presenting learning-related cues associated with a prior learning episode during sleep. This technique, targeted memory reactivation (TMR), selectively enhances memory consolidation. Given that memory reactivation is thought to occur preferentially during the slow-oscillation upstate, we hypothesized that TMR stimulation effects would depend on the phase of the slow oscillation. Participants learned arbitrary spatial locations for objects that were each paired with a characteristic sound (eg, cat-meow). Then, during SWS periods of an afternoon nap, one-half of the sounds were presented at low intensity. When object location memory was subsequently tested, recall accuracy was significantly better for those objects cued during sleep. We report here for the first time that this memory benefit was predicted by slow-wave phase at the time of stimulation. For cued objects, location memories were categorized according to amount of forgetting from pre-to post-nap. Conditions of high versus low forgetting corresponded to stimulation timing at different slow-oscillation phases, suggesting that learning-related stimuli were more likely to be processed and trigger memory reactivation when they occurred at the optimal phase of a slow oscillation. These findings provide insight into mechanisms of memory reactivation during sleep, supporting the idea that reactivation is most likely during cortical upstates.