Threats, rewards, and attention deployment in anxious youth and adults: An eye tracking study
Threats, rewards, and attention deployment in anxious youth and adults: An eye tracking study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.004
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Nelson, Eric E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shechner, Tomer;Jarcho, Johanna M.;Nelson, Eric E.
目前的研究考察了焦虑和年龄与注意力分配以及对威胁和奖励的生理反应之间的关系。22名健康成年人、20名焦虑成年人、26名健康青年和19名焦虑青年完成了两项眼动任务。在视觉场景任务(VST)中，当参与者观看中央中性图像时，他们被记录下来，两侧是两个威胁或两个奖励刺激。在否定词任务(NWT)中，通过改变瞳孔直径来测量生理反应，同时呈现否定词和中性词。在这两个任务中，焦虑与年龄组之间没有交互作用。在VST中，当不同年龄的人群崩溃时，焦虑的参与者避免出现威胁图像。同样，成年人，而不是青少年，在焦虑中崩溃时避免了威胁的画面。没有发现奖励图像的差异。在NWT中，所有受试者在单词呈现后都表现出瞳孔扩张的增加。只有年龄的主效应才表现出成人比儿童更强的瞳孔扩张。最后，在情景任务中，最大瞳孔变化与威胁回避偏向相关。凝视模式和瞳孔扩大表明，焦虑和年龄与对威胁的注意力分配有关。注意与自主神经唤醒之间的关系表明，自下而上和自上而下的过程之间存在着复杂的相互作用，因为它们与注意力分配有关。(C)2015爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
The current study examines anxiety and age associations with attention allocation and physiological response to threats and rewards. Twenty-two healthy-adults, 20 anxious-adults, 26 healthy-youth, and 19 anxious-youth completed two eye-tracking tasks. In the Visual Scene Task (VST), participants' fixations were recorded while they viewed a central neutral image flanked by two threatening or two rewarding stimuli. In the Negative Words Task (NWT), physiological response was measured by means of pupil diameter change while negative and neutral words were presented. For both tasks, no interaction was found between anxiety and age-group. In the VST, anxious participants avoided the threatening images when groups were collapsed across age. Similarly, adults but not adolescents avoided the threatening images when collapsed across anxiety. No differences were found for rewarding images. In NWT, all subjects demonstrated increase in pupil dilation after word presentation. Only main effect of age emerged with stronger pupil dilation in adults than children. Finally, maximum pupil change was correlated with threat avoidance bias in the scene task. Gaze patterns and pupil dilation show that anxiety and age are associated with attention allocation to threats. The relations between attention and autonomic arousal point to a complex interaction between bottom-up and top-down processes as they relate to attention allocation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.