Bubble growth within the skin by rectified diffusion might play a significant role in sonophoresis
Bubble growth within the skin by rectified diffusion might play a significant role in sonophoresis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.027
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发表时间：
2007-02-12
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Enden, Giora
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lavon, Ilana;Grossman, Nili;Enden, Giora
低频超声已被成功地用于促进各种不同分子的透皮吸收。这种现象被称为声导疗法。为了调节整个过程，人们已经尝试了几种增强机制。在这项研究中，我们评估了整流扩散是否是发生在皮肤内的过程，最终可能导致通道，从而导致经皮声载体。本文提出的模型基于以下假设：气泡随机分布在角质层(SC)的脂质双层内。当皮肤受到超声波的影响时，气泡会通过整流的扩散而生长。在此期间，气泡可能与SC的外边界或内边界合并，也可能与相邻的气泡合并。最终，通道被创造出来，使得药物能够很容易地穿透透皮给药最重要的屏障--SC。在这项工作中，建立了一个数学模型，在该模型中，SC的渗透性增强与通道有关，可能是通过整流扩散来创建的。本模型预测，在超声治疗过程中，整流扩散可能是导致声导入的因素之一。(C)2006爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Low frequency ultrasound has successfully been used for enhancing transdermal transport of a variety of different molecules. This phenomenon is referred to as sonophoresis. Several attempts have been made to investigate the enhancing mechanism in order to modulate the overall process.In this study we assess whether rectified diffusion is a process that occurs within the skin, which could eventually lead to channeling and thereby to transdermal sonophoresis.The model presented in this paper is based on the following postulate: gas bubbles are randomly distributed within the lipid bilayers of the stratum corneum (SC). As the skin is subjected to ultrasound, gas bubbles grow by rectified diffusion. During this period, bubbles may merge with the outer or inner boundaries of the SC, or merge with neighboring bubbles. Eventually, channels are created, allowing drugs to easily penetrate through the most significant barrier to transdermal delivery, the SC. As a result, transdermal transport rate is enhanced.In this work, a mathematical model has been formulated, in which permeability enhancement of the SC is linked to channels, possibly created by means of rectified diffusion.Sonophoresis may result from various mechanisms that act in synergy. The present model predicts that rectified diffusion might be one of the factors that lead to sonophoresis during ultrasound treatment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.