Lift in the vertical shear of a southerly jet embedded in a uniform westerly flow

Lift in the vertical shear of a southerly jet embedded in a uniform westerly flow
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嵌入均匀西风流中的南风急流的垂直切变升力

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3982
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Limpert, George
Limpert, George
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hu, Qi;Limpert, George

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提出了一种新的机制,作为美国大平原1/3暖季夜间强对流的潜在原因,这种对流是在没有锋面或中尺度系统气团边界的环境中发展起来的。这一机制在二维和三维模型中进行了测试。结果表明,平均西风纬向风与北涡垂直切变的相互作用,以及科里奥利力矩对大平原南下低空急流产生的扰动西风风的相互作用,产生了足以引发夜间对流的强上升(∼1.0 m·S−1)。北部低涡的相互作用导致了低涡东侧从近地面水平到模式大气顶部的有组织的强上升,以及在低涡中心附近的弱向上加速。在西风扰动的模拟中,在西风扰动的东侧和上方发生了强烈的有组织的上升。这些模拟中的上升运动既依赖于非静力压力扰动的机械强迫,也依赖于西风纬向风与涡旋或扰动西风中的垂直切变相互作用而产生的浮力加速度。统计检验证实,这些相互作用,而不是北部涡旋或西风扰动本身以及相关的切变,对模拟的垂直运动是必要的。额外的敏感性分析表明,在西风扰动或北部涡旋强度的大范围内,热带气旋的强劲上升。垂直运动廓线对模式的水平网格间距(至少等于或小于4 公里)不敏感,但对西风扰动的形态敏感。后者提出了可以改进的地方,以提高美国大平原夜间对流风暴模式预测的准确性。
A new mechanism is proposed as a potential cause for the one‐third of warm season severe nocturnal convection in the US Great Plains that develops in environments without the presence of air‐mass boundaries of fronts or mesoscale systems. This mechanism is tested in two‐ and three‐dimensional models. Results show strong ascent (∼1.0 m·s−1), sufficient for nocturnal convection initiation, arising from interactions of mean westerly zonal wind with the vertical shear of a northern vortex and also perturbation westerly winds that are created by the Coriolis torque on the Great Plains southerly low‐level jet. The interaction involving the northern vortex results in organized strong ascent on the east side of the vortex from the near‐surface level to the top of the model atmosphere, and also a weak upward acceleration near the centre of the vortex. In simulations with westerly wind perturbations, strong and organized ascent occurs above and on the east side of the westerly perturbation winds. The upward motion in these simulations relies on both mechanical forcing from non‐hydrostatic pressure perturbations and buoyant acceleration caused by interactions of the westerly zonal wind and the vertical shear in the vortex or the perturbation westerly wind. Statistical tests confirm that these interactions, not the northern vortex or westerly perturbation itself and related shear, are essential for the simulated vertical motion. Additional sensitivity analysis indicates robust ascent across a wide range of westerly perturbation or northern vortex strengths. The vertical motion profile is not sensitive to the horizontal grid spacing of the model, at least at or below 4 km, but to the morphology of westerly wind perturbations. The latter suggests where improvement could be made to increase the accuracy of model prediction of nocturnal convective storms in the US Great Plains.
DOI: 10.1175/2010mwr3422.1
发表时间: 2011
影响因子: 3.2
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J. Marsham;S. Trier;T. Weckwerth;James W. Wilson
通讯作者: J. Marsham;S. Trier;T. Weckwerth;James W. Wilson
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