Block copolymer derived 3-D interpenetrating multifunctional gyroidal nanohybrids for electrical energy storage
Block copolymer derived 3-D interpenetrating multifunctional gyroidal nanohybrids for electrical energy storage
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DOI：
10.1039/c7ee03571c
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
32.5
通讯作者：
J. Werner;Gabriel G. Rodríguez-Calero;H. Abruña;U. Wiesner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Werner;Gabriel G. Rodríguez-Calero;H. Abruña;U. Wiesner
电池等电能存储系统将极大地受益于将所有设备组件集成在纳米级的三维(3D)架构中，以提高其功率能力，而不会对设备规模的能量密度产生负面影响。然而，缺乏在纳米尺度上精确控制多种功能能量材料的三维结构的大规模合成方法，仍然是阻碍这种复杂器件设计发展的关键问题。为了实现完全集成、多材料的纳米三维结构，下一代纳米制造需要与传统的自上而下的图案化方法背道而驰。在这里，我们提出了一种基于自下而上合成共连续纳米杂化材料的方法，所有必要的功能电池组件合理地集成在三嵌段三元共聚物衍生的核-壳双回旋体结构中。在我们的设计中，三维周期性有序的功能性阳极和阴极纳米网络被单个三维纳米结构中的超薄电解液相分开。所有材料的层尺寸都小于20纳米，在3-D中共连续和相互渗透，并延伸到整个宏观整体。我们的固态纳米三维锂离子/硫系统的电化学分析显示出类似电池的特性，具有稳定的开路电压、可逆的放电电压和容量，与二维薄层设计相比，占地面积减少了数量级。
Electrical energy storage systems such as batteries would benefit enormously from integrating all device components in three-dimensional (3-D) architectures on the nanoscale to improve their power capability without negatively impacting the device-scale energy density. However, the lack of large scale synthesis methods of 3-D architectures with precise spatial control of multiple, functional energy materials at the nanoscale remains a key issue holding back the development of such intricate device designs. To achieve fully integrated, multi-material nano-3-D architectures, next-generation nanofabrication requires departure from the traditional top-down patterning methods. Here, we present an approach to such systems based on the bottom-up synthesis of co-continuous nanohybrids with all necessary functional battery components rationally integrated in a triblock terpolymer derived core–shell double gyroid architecture. In our design three-dimensional periodically ordered, functional anode and cathode nanonetworks are separated by an ultrathin electrolyte phase within a single 3-D nanostructure. All materials are less than 20 nm in their layer dimensions, co-continuous and interpenetrating in 3-D, and extended throughout a macroscopic monolith. The electrochemical analysis of our solid-state nano-3-D Li-ion/sulfur system demonstrated battery-like characteristics with stable open circuit voltage, reversible discharge voltage and capacity, and orders of magnitude decreases in footprint area compared to two-dimensional thin layer designs.