The acquisition of the English past tense in children and multilayered connectionist networks.
The acquisition of the English past tense in children and multilayered connectionist networks.
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儿童英语过去时态的习得和多层联结网络。
DOI：
10.1016/0010-0277(94)00656-6
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Marcus,GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marcus,GF
亚当对过去时态的学习与普朗基特和马奇曼模型之间的相似性被一些误导性的比较夸大了，包括任意的，无法解释的图表绘制方式的变化。该模型的发展在三个重要方面与亚当的不同：儿童显示出U形的发展序列，不依赖于输入的突然变化; U形的发展只发生在训练方案的突然变化之后。儿童过度规则化元音变化的动词比没有变化的动词;模拟过度规则化元音变化的动词往往比没有变化的动词。孩子们，包括亚当，过度规则化的次数比不规则化的次数多;模拟过程中过度规则化的次数比不规则化的次数少。有趣的是，RM模型--被广泛批评为不充分--做得更好，正确地过度规则化元音变化动词的频率高于非变化动词，过度规则化的频率高于非规则化的频率。虽然Plunkett和Marchman（1993）的最新模型结合了隐藏层和反向传播，使用了更现实的语音编码方案，并探索了比Rumelhart和McClelland模型更广泛的参数范围，但他们的结果离心理现实更远。目前尚不清楚是否有任何连接主义模型可以在不诉诸不切实际的外部变化的情况下模仿儿童的表现，但很明显，添加隐藏层和反向传播并不能确保解决方案。
The apparent very close similarity between the learning of the past tense by Adam and the Plunkett and Marchman model is exaggerated by several misleading comparisons--including arbitrary, unexplained changes in how graphs were plotted. The model's development differs from Adam's in three important ways: Children show a U-shaped sequence of development which does not depend on abrupt changes in input; U-shaped development in the simulation occurs only after an abrupt change in training regimen. Children overregularize vowel-change verbs more than no-change verbs; the simulation overregularizes vowel-change verbs less often than no-change verbs. Children, including Adam, overregularize more than they irregularize; the simulation overregularized less than it irregularized. Interestingly, the RM model--widely criticized as being inadequate--does somewhat better, correctly overregularizing vowel-change verbs more often than no-change verbs, and overregularizing more often than it irregularizes. Although Plunkett and Marchman's (1993) state of the art model incorporated hidden layers and back-propagation, used a more realistic phonological coding scheme, and explored a broader range of parameters than Rumelhart and McClelland's model, their results are farther from psychological reality. It is unknown whether any connectionist model can mimic a child's performance without resorting to unrealistic exogenous changes in the training or input, but it is clear that adding a hidden-layer and back-propagation does not ensure a solution.