Current pharmacotherapies of alcoholism: A U. S. perspective
Current pharmacotherapies of alcoholism: A U. S. perspective
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00496.x
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Swift, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anton, RF;Swift, RM
成瘾神经生物学的进步和临床试验方法学的改进加速了对酒精中毒药物的评估。虽然心理社会干预在减少消费和支持禁欲方面是有用的，但在治疗方面还需要相当大的改进。药物可以在减少渴求和饮酒以及维持禁欲方面发挥关键作用。本文回顾了酒精中毒的药物治疗，并着重介绍了美国的观点。本文将重点介绍阿片受体拮抗剂纳曲酮、谷氨酸调节剂氨基己酸酯和5-羟色胺能药物。总的来说，纳曲酮和氨基己酸酯在许多研究中都被发现是治疗酒精依赖的有效药物。5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂并没有一直被证明是有效的，但可能对某些亚型的酗酒者有用。5-羟色胺3型拮抗剂恩丹西酮已在早发性酒精症患者中显示出希望，但需要更广泛的研究。
Advances in the neurobiology of addiction and improved clinical trial methodology have accelerated the evaluation of medication for alcoholism. While psychosocial interventions have been useful to reduce consumption and support abstinence, considerable improvement in treatment is needed. Medication can play a crucial role in the reduction of craving and drinking and the maintenance of abstinence. This article reviews pharmacotherapy for alcoholism with an emphasis on the perspective of the United States. The opiate antagonist naltrexone, the glutamate modulator acamprosate, and serotanergic agents will be highlighted in this review. In general, both naltrexone and acamprosate have been found in a number of studies to be efficacious agents for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Seratonin reuptake inhibitors have not consistently shown to be efficacious but may be useful in certain subgroups of alcoholics. The serotonin type-3 antagonist, ondansetron, has shown promise in early-onset alcoholics but needs more extensive study.