Evidence for a Volatile Pheromone in Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) that Increases Attraction to a Host Foliar Volatile
Evidence for a Volatile Pheromone in Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) that Increases Attraction to a Host Foliar Volatile
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证据表明 Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire（鞘翅目：Buprestidae）中的挥发性信息素可增加对寄主叶面挥发物的吸引力
作者：
P. Silk;K. Ryall;P. Mayo;M. Lemay;G. Grant;D. Crook;A. Cossé;I. Fraser;J. Sweeney;D. Lyons;D. Pitt;T. Scarr;D. MaGee
摘要用气相色谱/质谱仪(GC/MS)对翡翠白蜡虫幼虫的挥发物进行了分析，证实有(3Z)-内酯[(3Z)-十二烯-12-内酯]的释放，但没有发现其几何异构体(3E)-内酯[(3E)-十二烯-12-内酯]的释放。合成的(3Z)-内酯含有10%(3E)-内酯，其气相色谱/电触角(GC/EAD)分析表明，雌雄触角对这两种异构体都有很强的反应。EAG对0.01-100微克剂量的分析显示出阳性剂量反应，女性的反应明显高于男性。在粘性紫色棱镜诱捕器的田间试验中，当内酯异构体与白蜡叶或皮质挥发物(分别是绿叶挥发物或石楠油)结合时，内酯异构体都不会影响捕获量。然而，在绿色棱柱诱捕器上，当诱捕器部署在树冠上时，(3Z)-内酯显著增加了对雄性稻纵卷叶蜂的捕获量。在同时使用(3E)-内酯和(3Z)-己烯醇或(3Z)-内酯和(3Z)-己烯醇的诱捕器上，雄鱼的捕获量分别比只使用(3Z)-己烯醇的诱饵增加了45%-100%。在嗅觉生物测定中，男性显著地被(3E)-内酯所吸引，而不是(3Z)-内酯或60：40(3E)：(3Z)混合物。(3E)-内酯或(3Z)-内酯与菲比油的组合对雄性没有明显的吸引力。雄性对(3Z)-己烯醇和(3Z)-内酯+(3Z)-己烯醇的组合有很高的吸引力，为现场诱捕结果提供了支持。这些数据首次表明，在一种声望很高的物种中，信息素和挥发性绿叶的组合增加了吸引力。
ABSTRACT Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of volatiles from virgin female emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire confirmed the emission of (3Z)-lactone [(3Z)-dodecen-12-olide] but not its geometric isomer, (3E)-lactone [(3E)-dodecen-12-olide]. Gas chromatographic/electroantennographic (GC/EAD) analysis of synthetic (3Z)-lactone, which contained 10% (3E) -lactone, showed a strong response of male and female antennae to both isomers. EAG analysis with 0.01 - to100-µg dosages showed a positive dose response, with females giving significantly higher responses than males. In field experiments with sticky purple prism traps, neither lactone isomer affected catches when combined with ash foliar or cortical volatiles (green leaf volatiles or Phoebe oil, respectively). However, on green prism traps, the (3Z)-lactone significantly increased capture of male A. planipennis when traps were deployed in the canopy. Captures of males on traps with both (3E)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol or with (3Z)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol were increased by 45–100%, respectively, compared with traps baited with just (3Z)-hexenol. In olfactometer bioassays, males were significantly attracted to (3E) -lactone, but not the (3Z) -lactone or a 60:40 (3E): (3Z) blend. The combination of either (3E)- or (3Z)-lactone with Phoebe oil was not significantly attractive to males. Males were highly attracted to (3Z)-hexenol and the (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol combination, providing support for the field trapping results. These data are the first to demonstrate increased attraction with a combination of a pheromone and a green leaf volatile in a Buprestid species.