Consuming images: How television commercials that elicit stereotype threat can restrain women academically and professionally
Consuming images: How television commercials that elicit stereotype threat can restrain women academically and professionally
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DOI：
10.1177/014616702237644
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Gerhardstein, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies, PG;Spencer, SJ;Gerhardstein, R
在定量领域工作的女性个人可能会被贬损为基于性别的数学无能的负面刻板印象。这种情境困境被称为刻板印象威胁，会破坏女性在所有量化领域的表现和抱负。性别刻板印象电视广告被用于三项研究，以引起男性和女性的女性刻板印象。研究1显示，只有激活的刻板印象与自我相关的女性在随后的数学测试中表现不佳。在第二项研究中，女性在看了刻板的广告后，在进行能力倾向测试时避开了数学题，而选择了语言题。在研究3中，观看了刻板印象广告的女性对容易受到刻板印象威胁的教育/职业选择（即定量领域）的兴趣较低，而对不受刻板印象威胁的领域（即语言领域）的兴趣较高。
Women in quantitative fields risk being personally reduced to negative stereotypes that allege a sex-based math inability. This situational predicament, termed stereotype threat, can undermine women's performance and aspirations in all quantitative domains. Gender-stereotypic television commercials were employed in three studies to elicit the female stereotype among both men and women. Study I revealed that only women for whom the activated stereotype was self-relevant underperformed on a subsequent math test. Exposure to the stereotypic commercials led women taking an aptitude test in Study 2 to avoid math items in favor of verbal items. In Study 3, women who viewed the stereotypic commercials indicated less interest in educational/vocational options in which they were susceptible to stereotype threat (i.e., quantitative domains) and more interest infields in which they were immune to stereotype threat (i.e., verbal domains).