The level of physical activity affects adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress
The level of physical activity affects adrenal and cardiovascular reactivity to psychosocial stress
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DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.023
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Heinrichs, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rimmele, Ulrike;Seiler, Roland;Heinrichs, Markus
身体活动在控制神经内分泌、自主神经和对身体和心理社会压力的行为反应方面起着关键作用。然而，很少有人知道如何的体力活动水平调节应激反应。在这里，我们测试是否不同水平的体力活动与不同的肾上腺，心血管和心理反应的心理压力。此外，竞争力被评估为一种人格特质，可能调节体力活动和压力反应之间的关系。18名精英运动员，50名业余运动员和24名未经训练的男子暴露于标准化的心理社会实验室压力（特里尔社会压力测试）。反复测量唾液游离皮质醇、心率和对心理社会压力的心理反应，比较3个研究组。优秀运动员的皮质醇、心率和状态焦虑反应显著低于未接受训练的受试者。业余运动员表现出交感神经和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺对压力的反应之间的分离，与未经训练的男性相比，心率反应显着降低，但皮质醇反应没有差异。不同水平的竞争力群体之间没有调解压力反应。我们的研究结果与先前的研究结果一致，表明受过训练的个体的自主神经系统对心理社会压力的反应性降低。更重要的是，这些研究结果意味着不同的压力相关的神经生理系统，以应对心理社会压力的身体活动水平的差异。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Physical activity plays a key role in the control of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to physical and psychosocial stress. However, Little is known about how the level of physical activity modulates stress responsiveness. Here, we test whether different levels of physical activity are associated with different adrenal, cardiovascular, and psychological responses to psychosocial stress. In addition, competitiveness is assessed as a personality trait that possibly modulates the relationship between physical activity and stress reactivity. Eighteen elite sportsmen, 50 amateur sportsmen, and 24 untrained men were exposed to a standardized psychosocial laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). Repeated measures of salivary free cortisol, heart rate, and psychological responses to psychosocial stress were compared among the 3 study groups. Elite sportsmen exhibited significantly tower cortisol, heart rate, and state anxiety responses compared with untrained subjects. Amateur sportsmen showed a dissociation between sympathetic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to stress, with significantly reduced heart rate responses but no difference in cortisol responses compared with untrained men. Different levels of competitiveness among groups did not mediate stress reactivity. Our results are in tine with previous studies indicating reduced reactivity of the autonomic nervous system to psychosocial stress in trained individuals. More importantly, these findings imply a differential effect of the level of physical activity on different stress-related neurophysiological systems in response to psychosocial stress. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.