Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in the Pakistani Population
Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in the Pakistani Population
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DOI：
10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.3035
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Khan, Amin-Ul-Haq
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luqman, Muhammad;Javed, Muhammad Mohsin;Khan, Amin-Ul-Haq
背景资料：肺癌是世界上最普遍的恶性肿瘤之一，巴基斯坦的发病率和死亡率都在继续上升。然而，流行病学研究，以确定常见的肺癌决定因素在巴基斯坦人口一直有限。材料与方法：在这项回顾性病例对照研究中，从巴基斯坦所有省份的不同医院招募了400例病例和800例对照。通过问卷调查，从所有受试者中提取有关社会人口学、职业、生活方式和饮食变量的信息。计算比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。并且还针对合适的因素评估了剂量-反应关联。结果如下：观察到与吸烟密切相关（OR=9.4，95%CI =6.9-12.8），农药暴露（OR=5.1，95% CI=3.1-8.3），暴露于柴油机废气（OR=3.1，95%CI =2.1-4.5）、红肉摄入量（OR=2.9，95%CI =1.8-4.7）和鸡肉摄入量（OR=2.8，95%CI =1.7-49）。观察到的其他相关因素是焊接烟雾（OR=2.5，95%CI =1.0-6.5），久坐（OR=2.0，95%CI =1.6-2.6），家族史（OR=2.0，95%CI =0.8-4.9），木尘（OR=1.9，95%CI =1.2-3.1），饮茶（OR=1.8，95% CI=1.2-2.6）、咖啡摄入量（OR=1.8，95% CI=1.1-2.8）、酗酒（OR=1.7，95% CI=1.1-2.5）和石棉暴露（OR=1.5，95% CI=0.5-4.4）。蔬菜（OR=0.3，95%CI =0.2-0.4）、果汁（OR=0.3，95%CI =0.3-0.4）、水果（OR=0.7，95%CI =0.5-0.9）和牛奶（OR=0.6，95%CI =0.5-0.8）的摄入降低了肺癌的风险。观察到吸烟的剂量-反应关系最强（X-2=333.8，p
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world and both incidence and mortality rates are continuing to rise in Pakistan. However, epidemiological studies to identify common lung cancer determinants in the Pakistani population have been limited. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 400 cases and 800 controls were enrolled from different hospitals of all provinces of Pakistan. Information about socio-demographic, occupational, lifestyle and dietary variables was extracted by questionnaire from all subjects. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. and dose-response associations were also assessed for suitable factors. Results: Strong associations were observed for smoking (OR=9.4, 95% CI=6.9-12.8), pesticide exposure (OR=5.1, 95% CI=3.1-8.3), exposure to diesel exhaust (OR=3.1, 95% CI=2.1-4.5), red meat consumption (OR=2.9, 95% CI=1.8-4.7) and chicken consumption (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.7-49). Other associated factors observed were welding fumes (OR=2.5, 95% CI=1.0-6.5), sedentary living (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.6-2.6), family history (OR=2.0, 95% CI=0.8-4.9), wood dust (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2-3.1), tea consumption (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.6), coffee consumption (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-2.8), alcoholism (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.5) and asbestos exposure(OR=1.5, 95% CI=0.5-4.4). Consumption of vegetables (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.2-0.4), juices (OR=0.3, 95% CI=0.3-0.4), fruits (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5-0.9) and milk (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.5-0.8) showed reduction in risk of lung cancer. Strongest dose-response relationships were observed for smoking (X-2=333.8, p