Does Social Justice Matter? Brian Barry’s Applied Political Philosophy
Does Social Justice Matter? Brian Barry’s Applied Political Philosophy
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布莱恩·巴里的应用政治哲学重要吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
Richard J. Arneson
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作者：
Richard J. Arneson
近年来，应用分析政治哲学在美国并不是一项蓬勃发展的事业。当然，它对公共文化几乎没有产生明显的影响。政治哲学家从时代精神中吸收话题和思想，但它却没有表现出回报的倾向。 1971年出版巨著《正义论》后，约翰·罗尔斯成为当之无愧的知识分子，但谁曾听过政治批评家或评论家在针对广大受众的讨论中提及差别原则或公平机会均等呢？罗纳德·德沃金经常在非严格的学术观点期刊上撰写哲学精明且优美易懂的散文，在某种程度上，罗纳德·德沃金一直是公共知识分子的典范，但我在任何报纸上看到的唯一引用他观点的地方是《纽约时报》对伦敦附近泰晤士河畔一家餐馆的评论（我记得，德沃金被引述说它至少是北半球最好的餐馆）。你可能会将这种情况归因于这样一个事实：政治哲学家往往是自由派，而美国的公共政治文化却明显变得保守，但这种不匹配并不是故事的全部。右翼自由主义是一种流行的学说，但罗伯特·诺齐克 (Robert Nozick) 1974 年在其精彩的《无政府状态、国家和乌托邦》中对该观点的经典且从未被取代的探索并未被引用。也没有任何重要的文献试图从诺齐克的理论和相关事实主张中得出实用的政策建议。此外，政治哲学的孤立性与理论在某些学科中的广泛影响形成鲜明对比。例如，考虑一下理查德·波斯纳的思想对法律和经济学的巨大影响
Applied analytical political philosophy has not been a thriving enterprise in the United States in recent years. Certainly it has made little discernible impact on public culture. Political philosophers absorb topics and ideas from the Zeitgeist, but it shows little inclination to return the favor. After the publication of his monumental work A Theory of Justice back in 1971, John Rawls became a deservedly famous intellectual, but who has ever heard political critics or commentators refer to the difference principle or fair equality of opportunity in discussions aimed at a wide audience? Writing philosophically astute and beautifully accessible prose, often in not strictly academic journals of opinion, Ronald Dworkin has been in some ways the very model of a public intellectual, but the only reference to his opinions that I have seen in any newspaper occurred in a New York Times review of a restaurant near London along the Thames (as I recall, Dworkin was quoted as saying it was at the very least the best restaurant in the northern hemisphere). You might chalk up the situation to the fact that political philosophers tend to be liberal and the public political culture in the United States has been growing decidedly conservative, but that mismatch can hardly be the whole story. Right-wing libertarianism is a popular doctrine, but Robert Nozick’s classical and never superseded 1974 exploration of that view in his brilliant Anarchy, State, and Utopia is not cited. Nor is there a significant literature that seeks to derive practical policy recommendations from Nozick’s theory and relevant factual claims. Moreover, the isolation of political philosophy stands in marked contrast to the wide influence of theory in some disciplines. For example, consider the enormous germinating impact of Richard Posner’s ideas on law and economics over