Tip of the Iceberg: Reporting and Gender-Based Violence in Developing Countries
Tip of the Iceberg: Reporting and Gender-Based Violence in Developing Countries
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwt295
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Peterman, Amber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palermo, Tia;Bleck, Jennifer;Peterman, Amber
基于性别的暴力 (GBV) 在全球范围内普遍存在，对健康造成多种不利影响，但报道却严重不足。很少有研究探讨现有估计中报告偏差的程度。我们根据经历过 GBV 的情况，规定了向正式和非正式来源报告 GBV 的低估界限，并描述了报告的女性与未报告的女性之间的差异。我们分析了 2004 年至 2011 年间收集的 24 个国家 284,281 名女性的人口统计和健康调查数据。我们进行了描述性分析和多元逻辑回归，检查与向正式来源报告相关的特征。百分之四十经历过 GBV 的女性曾向某人透露过；然而，只有 7% 向正式来源报告（地区差异，印度和东亚为 2%，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区为 14%）。曾婚和未婚身份、城市居住和年龄增长是与正式报告可能性增加相关的特征。我们的结果表明，基于卫生系统数据或警方报告对 GBV 流行率的估计可能会低估 GBV 的总流行率，范围从 11 到 128 倍不等，具体取决于报告的地区和类型。此外，报告 GBV 的女性与未报告 GBV 的女性有所不同，这对项目目标和干预措施的设计都有影响。
Gender-based violence (GBV) is widespread globally and has myriad adverse health effects but is vastly under-reported. Few studies address the extent of reporting bias in existing estimates. We provide bounds for underestimation of reporting of GBV to formal and informal sources conditional on having experienced GBV and characterize differences between women who report and those who do not. We analyzed Demographic and Health Survey data from 284,281 women in 24 countries collected between 2004 and 2011. We performed descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regressions examining characteristics associated with reporting to formal sources. Forty percent of women experiencing GBV previously disclosed to someone; however, only 7% reported to a formal source (regional variation, 2% in India and East Asia to 14% in Latin America and the Caribbean). Formerly married and never married status, urban residence, and increasing age were characteristics associated with increased likelihood of formal reporting. Our results imply that estimates of GBV prevalence based on health systems data or on police reports may underestimate the total prevalence of GBV, ranging from 11- to 128-fold, depending on the region and type of reporting. In addition, women who report GBV differ from those who do not, with implications for program targeting and design of interventions.