Synaptic Vesicle Proteins and Active Zone Plasticity.
Synaptic Vesicle Proteins and Active Zone Plasticity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00008
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Heckmann M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kittel RJ;Heckmann M
神经递质从突触囊泡释放到高度特化的突触前活跃区（AZ）。AZs复杂的分子结构决定了突触传递的速度、精度和可塑性。重要的是，即使对于给定的连接，AZs的结构和功能性质也会有很大差异。因此，似乎存在不同的AZ状态，它们从根本上通过控制突触囊泡的定位和释放来影响神经元的通信。反之亦然，最近的证据表明突触囊泡成分也可以调节AZ的组织状态。活性区（CAZ）富含蛋白质的细胞基质为引导囊泡胞吐的分子相互作用提供了结构平台。对果蝇的研究表明，囊泡蛋白Synaptotagmin-1 （Syt1）和Rab3也通过塑造CAZ超微结构的分化调节谷氨酸释放。我们回顾了这些意想不到的发现，并讨论了突触囊泡和AZ状态之间相互关系的机制解释，这在以前很少受到关注。
Neurotransmitter is released from synaptic vesicles at the highly specialized presynaptic active zone (AZ). The complex molecular architecture of AZs mediates the speed, precision and plasticity of synaptic transmission. Importantly, structural and functional properties of AZs vary significantly, even for a given connection. Thus, there appear to be distinct AZ states, which fundamentally influence neuronal communication by controlling the positioning and release of synaptic vesicles. Vice versa, recent evidence has revealed that synaptic vesicle components also modulate organizational states of the AZ. The protein-rich cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) provides a structural platform for molecular interactions guiding vesicle exocytosis. Studies in Drosophila have now demonstrated that the vesicle proteins Synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) and Rab3 also regulate glutamate release by shaping differentiation of the CAZ ultrastructure. We review these unexpected findings and discuss mechanistic interpretations of the reciprocal relationship between synaptic vesicles and AZ states, which has heretofore received little attention.