Radiative effects on false vacuum decay in Higgs-Yukawa theory

Radiative effects on false vacuum decay in Higgs-Yukawa theory
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希格斯-汤川理论中假真空衰变的辐射效应

DOI:
10.1103/physrevd.98.076014
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Ai W
Ai W
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ai W

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我们在描述原型希格斯-汤川理论中假真空衰变的欧几里德孤子的背景下推导了费米子格林函数。与质量、耦合和波函数归一化的适当反项相结合,这些可用于计算对孤子解和跃迁率的辐射校正,从而充分考虑有核气泡提供的不均匀背景。我们将这种方法应用于大规模标量场的准边生成真空与四次自相互作用之间的转变的典型示例。将费米子环路的效应与附加标量场的效应进行比较,并将考虑隧道结构时空不均匀性的环路效应与忽略梯度的情况进行比较。我们发现标量环导致衰减率增强,而费米子环导致衰减率抑制。当考虑梯度时,这些效应会因一个微扰因素而相对放大。此外,我们观察到,当包含梯度时,孤子场轮廓的辐射校正更加平滑。这里提出的用于计算费米子辐射校正的方法应该适用于真空衰变的典型示例。特别是,我们制定了适合薄壁极限计算的方法,以及考虑解决方案的完全球对称性的其他方法。对于后一种情况,我们基于自旋超球谐函数构造格林函数,它是在孤子背景中与狄拉克算子交换的适当角动量算子的本征函数。
We derive fermionic Green’s functions in the background of the Euclidean solitons describing false vacuum decay in a prototypal Higgs-Yukawa theory. In combination with appropriate counterterms for the masses, couplings and wave-function normalization, these can be used to calculate radiative corrections to the soliton solutions and transition rates that fully account for the inhomogeneous background provided by the nucleated bubble. We apply this approach to the archetypal example of transitions between the quasidegenerate vacua of a massive scalar field with a quartic self-interaction. The effect of fermion loops is compared with those from additional scalar fields, and the loop effects accounting for the spacetime inhomogeneity of the tunneling configuration are compared with those where gradients are neglected. We find that scalar loops lead to an enhancement of the decay rate, whereas fermion loops lead to a suppression. These effects get relatively amplified by a perturbatively small factor when gradients are accounted for. In addition, we observe that the radiative corrections to the solitonic field profiles are smoother when the gradients are included. The method presented here for computing fermionic radiative corrections should be applicable beyond the archetypal example of vacuum decay. In particular, we work out methods that are suitable for calculations in the thin-wall limit, as well as others that take account of the full spherical symmetry of the solution. For the latter case, we construct the Green’s functions based on spin hyperspherical harmonics, which are eigenfunctions of the appropriate angular momentum operators that commute with the Dirac operator in the solitonic background.
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