Brief Report: Negative Controls to Detect Selection Bias and Measurement Bias in Epidemiologic Studies.
Brief Report: Negative Controls to Detect Selection Bias and Measurement Bias in Epidemiologic Studies.
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DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000000504
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Colford JM Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnold BF;Ercumen A;Benjamin-Chung J;Colford JM Jr
文本中提供了补充数字内容。生物医学实验室实验通常使用阴性对照来识别可能的偏差来源，但流行病学研究在其设计或测量方法中很少使用这种类型的对照。最近，流行病学家提出在观察性研究中常规使用阴性对照，并定义阴性对照的结构以检测由于未测量的混杂因素造成的偏差。我们扩展了之前的研究，并定义了阴性对照的结构，以检测观察性研究和随机试验中的选择偏差和测量偏差。我们使用流行病学文献中的例子来说明阴性对照在这种情况下的优点和局限性。鉴于其已证实的实用性和广泛的普遍性，预先指定的阴性对照的常规使用将加强流行病学研究的证据。
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Biomedical laboratory experiments routinely use negative controls to identify possible sources of bias, but epidemiologic studies have infrequently used this type of control in their design or measurement approach. Recently, epidemiologists proposed the routine use of negative controls in observational studies and defined the structure of negative controls to detect bias due to unmeasured confounding. We extend this previous study and define the structure of negative controls to detect selection bias and measurement bias in both observational studies and randomized trials. We illustrate the strengths and limitations of negative controls in this context using examples from the epidemiologic literature. Given their demonstrated utility and broad generalizability, the routine use of prespecified negative controls will strengthen the evidence from epidemiologic studies.