Competition in the Built Environment: Scaling Laws for Cities, Neighbourhoods and Buildings
Competition in the Built Environment: Scaling Laws for Cities, Neighbourhoods and Buildings
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DOI：
10.1007/s00004-015-0268-2
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Batty, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Batty, Michael
任何空间尺度的建筑环境都表现为一组相似的对象--城市、居民区、建筑物，但也包括街道、公园等组成部分--它们按照我们刚刚开始检测和测量的某些规则在空间上分布。与人口的正态分布属性不同，这些城市元素通常根据决定大量小元素和少量大元素的力量进行扩展。虽然许多对象从小到大都在演变，但并非所有对象都可以变大，因为资源和物理限制决定了它们的大小分布。这种大小分布背后的理论被称为标度，这种分布的形状由各种幂和指数定律很好地定义。随着物体的生长和进化，甚至是被设计出来的，它们的形状由于竞争的力量和空间的限制而发生质的变化。在这里，我们探索城市、城镇社区和建筑，特别是高层建筑的这些概念，揭示出它们在形式、功能和结构上既有重要的区别，也有相似之处。
Built environments at any spatial scale are represented as sets of like objects-cities, neighbourhoods, buildings but also components such as streets, parks, etc.,-which are distributed spatially according to certain rules that we are only just beginning to detect and measure. Unlike normally distributed attributes of the population, these urban elements often scale according to forces that determine large numbers of small elements and a small number of large ones. While many objects evolve from small to large, not all objects can be large as resources as well as physical limits determine the distribution of their sizes. The theory behind such size distributions is referred to as scaling and the shape of such distributions is quite well-defined by various power and exponential laws. As objects grow and evolve, or are even designed, their form changes qualitatively due to the forces of competition and the constraints on space. Here we explore these ideas for cities, neighbourhoods in towns, and buildings, specifically high buildings, revealing that there are both important differences as well as similarities in their form, function, and structure.