Responses of mammals to habitat edges: an overview
Responses of mammals to habitat edges: an overview
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1008056817939
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lidicker, WZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lidicker, WZ
生命在物质和能量的分布中产生间断（边界）。其中一类构成了生境类型之间的边缘;这些是景观功能的基本结构，因此在保护生物学中具有核心重要性。这一系列论文所依据的专题讨论会集中讨论了哺乳动物对栖息地边缘的反应。多样性的意见表示，并说明了各种边缘相关的行为。一项对1933年以来的一般生态学文本的调查表明，对生态交错带和边缘效应的兴趣在20世纪80年代有所下降，但在20世纪90年代又出现了兴趣的复苏。生境边缘的定义操作方面，特定的焦点物种导致一些重要的推论功能。根据“边缘效应”所包含的各种现象的强调，并提出了初步的尝试分类主要是基于边缘响应行为（矩阵与生态效应）的存在或不存在的紧急属性。该方案提供了明确的零假设需要区分这两种类型，启发边缘效应的机械解释，并鼓励预测未经测试的管理计划或其他新的情况下的结果。景观廊道的使用和设计与边缘相关行为密切相关。人们敦促对走廊作出功能性的一般性定义，以便根据具体的属性而不是根据可能被称为走廊的事物的一般集合来判断走廊的有效性。线性生境斑块被明确排除在定义之外。对小型哺乳动物的研究有助于我们了解走廊在集合种群动态中的潜在作用。不同物种对环境的精细与粗粒度感知将产生生态带边缘效应，如溢出捕食。总体而言，不同物种在不同空间尺度上对景观过程的影响似乎是未来研究的一个富有成果的方向。
Life generates discontinuites (boundaries) in the distribution of matter and energy. One class of these constitutes the edges between habitat-types; these are fundamental structures in landscape functioning, and hence are of central importance in conservation biology. The symposium on which this series of papers is based focused on the responses of mammals to habitat edges. A diversity of views are represented, and a variety of edge related behaviors illustrated. A survey of general ecology texts dating back to 1933 demonstrates a decline of interest in ecotones and edge effects extending into the 1980's but showing a resurgence of interest in the 1990's. Habitat edges are defined operationally with respect to particular focal species leading to a number of important corollary features. The variety of phenomena subsumed under 'edge effects' is emphasized, and an initial attempt at classification is proposed based primarily on the presence or absence of emergent properties in edge response behaviors (matrix vs. ecotonal effects). This scheme provides for clear null hypotheses needed to distinguish the two types, enlightens mechanistic explanations of edge effects, and encourages predictions about the results of untested management schemes or other novel situations. The use and design of landscape corridors are tied to edge related behaviors. A functional and general definition of corridors is urged, so that their effectiveness can be judged with respect to specified attributes rather than to a general collection of things that might be termed corridors. Linear habitat patches are specifically excluded from the definition. Studies on small mammals have contributed to our understanding of the potential role of corridors in metapopulation dynamics. Fine versus coarse grained perceptions of environment by different species will generate ecotonal edge effects such as spillover predation. In general, the effects on landscape processes of various species operating on different spatial scales seems a fruitful direction for future research.