Environmental impact of beef production in Mexico through life cycle assessment
Environmental impact of beef production in Mexico through life cycle assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.01.020
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Adrian Huerta;L. Güereca;M. S. R. Lozano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adrian Huerta;L. Güereca;M. S. R. Lozano
分析了墨西哥热带地区的集约型和粗放型牛肉生产系统。这项研究的目的是估计和比较两个典型的牛肉生产系统在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州的环境影响。从农业生产到运输供消费者消费，包括产品加工、销售和运输的中间阶段，建立了一个系统边界。功能单位为1公斤去骨和脱脂牛肉。使用案例研究的信息建立了生命周期清单;对提供记录和专家知识信息的农民、屠宰场和零售点经理进行了采访。该研究包括母牛-小牛过程、预育肥、育肥、加工和零售。使用SimaPro软件和ReCiPe Midpoint方法分析了几种影响类别，以进行影响表征。结果表明，在粗放型系统中，母牛-小牛期是12个影响类别中11个类别的主要贡献者，而在集约型系统中，母牛-小牛期是气候变化、陆地酸化、淡水和海洋富营养化的主要贡献者。集约化系统的育肥阶段对人类毒性、水体耗竭、陆地生态毒性、化石耗竭、光氧化剂形成、淡水生态毒性和海洋生态毒性具有主导影响;加工阶段对集约化系统中化石燃料耗竭和光化学氧化剂形成具有相关贡献。最后，营销阶段对任何类别都没有显著影响。结果表明，在所研究的12个类别中，有9个类别的粗放型系统比集约型系统具有更好的环境绩效。最后，重要的是要提高繁殖性能的小牛繁殖牛群，以减少牛肉生产链中的排放，以及提高牲畜食品质量的广泛系统，以减少由于肠道发酵的温室气体排放。
Intensive and extensive systems of beef production in the Mexican tropics were analyzed. The aim of the study was to estimate and compare the environmental impact of two typical beef production systems in Veracruz, Mexico. A system boundary was established from farm production to prior to transport for consumer consumption, including intermediate stages of product processing, marketing and transportation. The functional unit was 1 kg of boneless and fatless beef. The life cycle inventory was built using information from case studies; farmers, slaughterhouses and retail point managers who provided information from records and expert knowledge were interviewed. The study included cow-calf processes, pre-fattening, fattening, processing and retail. Several impact categories were analyzed using SimaPro software and the ReCiPe Midpoint method for impact characterization. The results showed that for the extensive system, the cow-calf stage is the major contributor in eleven of the twelve impact categories analyzed, while in the intensive system, it is the main contributor to the climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication. The fattening stage of intensive system, has a predominant impact on human toxicity, water depletion, terrestrial ecotoxicity, fossil depletion, photo-oxidants formation, freshwater ecotoxicity and marine ecotoxicity; the processing stage has relevant contributions to fossil fuel depletion and the formation of photochemical oxidants in intensive systems. Finally, the marketing stage did not have a predominant impact on any category. The results indicated that the extensive system has better environmental performance than the intensive system for nine of the twelve studied categories. According last, it is important to improve the reproductive performance in calf breeding herds to mitigate emissions in the beef production chain as well as to improve livestock food quality in the extensive system for the mitigation of GHG emissions due to enteric fermentation.