Aerodynamic characteristics and respiratory deposition of fungal fragments
Aerodynamic characteristics and respiratory deposition of fungal fragments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.05.042
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Reponen, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cho, SH;Seo, SC;Reponen, T
本研究的目的是研究真菌碎片的空气动力学特性，并估计其呼吸沉积。用真菌孢子源强度测试仪(FSSST)对三种不同真菌(杂色曲霉、梅尔尼青霉和轮状杆菌)的片段和孢子进行了雾化处理。利用电低压冲击器(ELPI)实时测量粉尘的粒度分布，并将气雾化真菌颗粒同时收集到12个粉碎级上，粒径范围为0.3~10微米，利用粉碎级上的水溶性ZEF-X10涂层防止孢子反弹。对于轮状葡萄球菌，平均释放的真菌碎片浓度为380个颗粒cm(-3)，约为孢子的514倍。杂色病菌能释放出数量相当的孢子和碎片。显微镜分析证实，轮状芽孢杆菌和杂色假单胞菌没有表现出明显的孢子弹跳，而甜菜夜蛾的片段大小分布被孢子弹跳掩盖。利用ELPI测量的沙门氏菌和杂色沙门氏菌的浓度和大小分布的数据库，使用计算机模型LUDEP 2.07计算一名成年男性和一名3个月大的婴儿的呼吸沉积。碎片和孢子的总沉积分数分别为27-46%和84-95%，婴儿的值略高于成人。对于轮状链球菌，碎片的呼吸沉积量是孢子的230-250倍，而沉积的碎片数量和杂色链霉菌的孢子数量是相当的。结果表明，婴儿下呼吸道的沉积比(沉积碎片数除以沉积孢子数)是成人的4-5倍。由于真菌碎片已被证明含有真菌毒素和抗原，进一步的暴露评估应包括测量真菌碎片，以评估潮湿建筑物中的霉菌暴露。(C)2005爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of fungal fragments and to estimate their respiratory deposition. Fragments and spores of three different fungal species (Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium melinii, and Stachybotrys chartarum) were aerosolized by the fungal spore source strength tester (FSSST). An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) measured the size distribution in real-time and collected the aerosolized fungal particles simultaneously onto 12 impactor stages in the size range of 0.3-10 mu m utilizing water-soluble ZEF-X10 coating of the impaction stages to prevent spore bounce. For S. chartarum, the average concentration of released fungal fragments was 380 particles cm(-3), which was about 514 times higher than that of spores. A. versicolor was found to release comparable amount of spores and fragments. Microscopic analysis confirmed that S. chartarum and A. versicolor did not show any significant spore bounce, whereas the size distribution of P. melinii fragments was masked by spore bounce. Respiratory deposition was calculated using a computer-based model, LUDEP 2.07, for an adult male and a 3-month-old infant utilizing the database on the concentration and size distribution of S. chartarum and A. versicolor aerosols measured by the ELPI. Total deposition fractions for fragments and spores were 27-46% and 84-95%, respectively, showing slightly higher values in an infant than in an adult. For S. chartarum, fragments demonstrated 230-250 fold higher respiratory deposition than spores, while the number of deposited fragments and spores of A. versicolor were comparable. It was revealed that the deposition ratio (the number of deposited fragments divided by that of deposited spores) in the lower airways for an infant was 4-5 times higher than that for an adult. As fungal fragments have been shown to contain mycotoxins and antigens, further exposure assessment should include the measurement of fungal fragments for evaluating mold exposures in damp buildings. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.