Time Preferences between Individuals and Groups in the Transition from Hunter-Gatherer to Industrial Societies
Time Preferences between Individuals and Groups in the Transition from Hunter-Gatherer to Industrial Societies
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/su11020395
复制
发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Yayan Hernuryadin;Koji Kotani;Yoshio Kamijo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yayan Hernuryadin;Koji Kotani;Yoshio Kamijo
狩猎采集社会、农业社会和工业社会代表了人类文化和经济发展的历史进程。在这门课程中，每个社会都展示了不同的文化和日常生活实践，这些文化和实践塑造了人类的行为和偏好，并在个人和群体层面上表征了时间行为和后果。我们研究了个人和群体的时间偏好及其在三个社会的关系。为此，我们进行了一个实地实验，以引起个人和团体的折扣因素，在印度尼西亚的三个社会-（一）渔业，（二）农业和（三）城市社会-代理的狩猎采集，农业和工业社会，分别。研究发现，渔业（农业）社会的个体折扣因子和群体折扣因子最低（最高），城市社会的个体折扣因子和群体折扣因子居中。我们还观察到，群体折扣因子的决定因素在不同的社会：在一个组中的最低和中间折扣因子的成员在确定渔业社会的群体折扣因子中发挥了重要作用，而只有中间折扣因子的成员是关键的农业和城市社会。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，个人和团体的折扣因素非单调变化的社会从渔业过渡到农业和从农业到城市，相对近视的人（最低和中间）比有远见的人更有影响力，在确定群体的时间偏好。
Three societies, namely the hunter-gatherer, the agrarian and the industrial, represent the course of human history of cultural and economic development. In this course, each society exhibits distinct cultures and daily life practices that shape human behaviors and preferences, characterizing temporal actions and consequences at the individual and group levels. We examine individual and group time preferences and their relation across the three societies. To this end, we conduct a field experiment to elicit individual and group discount factors in three societies of Indonesia—(i) the fisheries, (ii) the farming and (iii) the urban societies—as proxies of the hunter-gatherer, agrarian and industrial societies, respectively. We find that both individual and group discount factors are the lowest (highest) in the fisheries (agrarian) society, while those in the urban society are in the middle. We also observe that the determinants of group discount factors differ across societies: members of the lowest and middle discount factors in a group play an important role in determining the group discount factor in the fisheries society, while only the members with the middle discount factor are key in agrarian and urban societies. Overall, our results suggest that individual and group discount factors non-monotonically change as societies transition from fisheries to agrarian and from agrarian to urban and that comparatively shortsighted people (the lowest and middle) are more influential than farsighted people in determining group time preferences.